不同马铃薯品种产量和淀粉含量对比研究

Comparative Study on Yield and Starch Content of Different Potato Varieties

摘要

优良品种的更新换代可保障国家粮食安全。开展新品种比较试验，筛选适宜呼伦贝尔市马铃薯新品种，对该地区马铃薯产业发展具有重要意义。2022—2023年以‘克新13号’作对照，调查11个马铃薯品种的物候期和块茎性状，对其产量和淀粉含量的表现及其稳定性进行鉴定和评价。‘龙薯22号’‘北方002’和‘北方001’平均产量较高，分别为3 602、3 470和3 291 kg/667m²，显著高于‘克新13号’，稳定性较好，可作为鲜食品种在呼伦贝尔市推广。‘中薯早39’淀粉含量最高（19.09%）且稳定性好，显著高于‘克新13号’，产量高于‘克新13号’，但差异不显著，稳定性一般，可作为早熟高淀粉品种在呼伦贝尔市推广，但应配套相应栽培技术，保证该品种产量。

Abstract

The upgrading of improved varieties can guarantee national food security, and effectively promote the increase of agricultural production and efficiency. It is of great significance to carry out comparative experiments of new varieties and screen new potato varieties suitable for planting in Hulunbeier for the development of potato industry in this region. In 2022-2023, using 'Kexin 13' as the control, the phenological period and tuber traits of 11 potato varieties were recorded, and the performance and stability of yield and starch content were measured and evaluated. The average yield of 'Longshu 22', 'Beifang 002' and 'Beifang 001' was 3 602, 3 470 and 3 291 kg/667m², respectively, which were significantly higher than that of 'Kexin 13', and their stability was good, suggesting that these varieties could be extended as table potatoes in this region. The starch content of 'Zhongshuzao 39' was the highest (19.09%), which was significantly higher than that of 'Kexin 13', with good stability. The yield of this variety was higher than that of 'Kexin 13' though the difference was not significant, and the yield stability was medium high. For 'Zhongshuzao 39', it could be recommended as an early maturing high starch variety for starch processing in this region, but some agronomic measures designed especially for this variety should be taken to ensure its yield.

关键词

马铃薯 / 块茎产量 / 淀粉含量 / 稳定性

Key words

potato / tuber yield / starch content / stability

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基金资助

呼伦贝尔市“揭榜挂帅”项目(JBGS2022003)

内蒙古自治区“揭榜挂帅”项目(2022JBGS0037)