西北旱作栽培模式下凹凸棒石对马铃薯产量及品质提升效果研究

Effects of Attapulgite on Yield and Quality Improvement of Potato Under Rain-fed Agriculture Pattern in Northwest China

摘要

凹凸棒石作为农作物营养剂在生态农业中广泛应用。为明确不同西北旱作栽培模式下凹凸棒石与复合肥料配施对不同马铃薯品质提升及产量优势影响，以‘定薯3号’‘大西洋’‘定薯6号’为试验材料，设置6个不同处理，以平作覆膜配施复合肥料以及半膜垄播配施复合肥料分别为对照一（CK1）和对照二（CK2），采用随机区组排列方法，测定马铃薯产量、商品薯率、块茎品质等指标。栽培模式相同情况下，随凹凸棒石施用量增加产量上升。半膜垄播栽培模式下总产量及商品产量比平作覆膜栽培模式增产明显。平作覆膜和半膜垄播处理下单株块茎数相比对照（CK1和CK2）处理均显著增加。半膜垄播栽培模式下，单株块茎数及商品薯率均高于平作覆膜栽培模式。在采用半膜垄播栽培模式与施用凹凸棒石为1 200 kg/hm²、复合肥料为450 kg/hm²时，马铃薯块茎内干物质、淀粉、蛋白质、维生素C变化与半膜垄播配施复合肥料处理（CK2）相比增高，提升幅度为5.16%~75.65%。半膜垄播栽培模式下，相比对照（CK2）处理施用凹凸棒石可使铁元素提升14.62%，锌元素提升28.14%，钙元素提升12.10%，镁元素提升30.74%。与常规栽培模式相比，采用半膜垄播栽培模式与施用凹凸棒石量为1 200 kg/hm²、复合肥料为450 kg/hm²时，可提高马铃薯产量、商品薯率、单株块茎数和马铃薯块茎品质。

Abstract

Attapulgite is widely used as a crop nutrient in ecological agriculture. To investigate the effects of attapulgite combined with compound fertilizer on the quality improvement and yield advantage of different potato varieties under various rain-fed agriculture patterns in the northwest region, six treatments were established using 'Dingshu 3', 'Atlantic', and 'Dingshu 6' as experimental materials. Control 1 (CK1) involved flat film mulching combined with compound fertilizer, while control 2 (CK2) employed half-film ridging combined with compound fertilizer. Potato yield, marketable tuber percentage, and tuber quality were assessed using a random block arrangement method. Under similar cultivation conditions, the yield increased proportionally to attapulgite application rate. Notably, both total yield and marketable yield were obviously higher under half-film ridging pattern compared to flat film mulching pattern. Furthermore, compared to the control treatments (CK1 and CK2), both flat film mulching and half-film ridging resulted in a significant increase in the number of tubers per plant. Additionally, when employing half-film ridging cultivation pattern instead of flat film mulching cultivation pattern, there was an observed increase in both the number of tubers per plant and the marketable tuber percentage. Half-film ridging, combined with application of 1 200 kg/ha of attapulgite and 450 kg/ha of compound fertilizer resulted in increases ranging from 5.16% to 75.65% for dry matter content, starch content, protein content, and vitamin C content in potato tubers. Moreover, the use of attapulgite demonstrated notable improvements in mineral elements such as iron by 14.62%, zinc by 28.14%, calcium by 12.10%, and magnesium by 30.74% when compared to the control treatment (CK2). Compared with conventional cultivation pattern, the potato yield, marketable tuber percentage, number of tubers per plant, and tuber quality could be enhanced by utilizing the half-film ridging cultivation pattern combined with application of 1 200 kg/ha of attapulgite and 450 kg/ha of compound fertilizer.

关键词

马铃薯 / 凹凸棒石 / 产量 / 品质

Key words

potato / attapulgite / yield / quality

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基金资助

甘肃省技术创新引导计划-农业类(22CX8NJ153)

定西市重点技术攻关专项(DX2022BZ38)

甘肃自然科学基金(23JR-RA1414)

甘肃省陇原青年英才专项资金

甘肃省重点研发计划项目(23YFNJ0005)

定西市科技计划资助项目(DX2023AY06)

甘肃省科技重大专项(23ZDNA006)

科技特派员（基地）专项(23CXNJ0017)