几种中草药提取物对马铃薯晚疫病菌的抑菌活性

Antifungal Activity of Some Chinese Herbal Medicine Extracts Against Phytophthora Infestans

摘要

中草药因其独特的优势应用于农作物病虫害防控中备受关注，为探究可用于防治马铃薯晚疫病的中草药制剂，助力晚疫病绿色防控，选用无水乙醇、石油醚及乙酸乙酯（体积比为4∶3∶3）三元溶剂，通过冷浸渍法提取百里香等11种中草药不同部位获得相应制剂。分别采用平板菌丝生长速率法和叶片接种法测定11种中草药制剂对马铃薯晚疫病菌的离体和半活体抑菌活性。百里香和大黄具有较强的抑菌活性，EC₅₀分别为130.19和364.90 mg/kg，优于阳性对照药剂丁子香酚（669.52 mg/kg）；防风、齿果酸模、广藿香、蛇床子、野胡萝卜和补骨脂抑菌活性较强，EC₅₀分别为768.28、807.33、874.75、953.52、1 519.11和1 659.58 mg/kg，低于丁子香酚。可知，百里香、大黄、防风、齿果酸模、广藿香、蛇床子、野胡萝卜和补骨脂对马铃薯晚疫病具有较强的防治效果和潜在应用价值。

Abstract

The application of Chinese herbal medicine to the prevention and control of crop diseases and pests has attracted much attention due to their unique advantages. To explore the efficient Chinese herbal medicine preparations that can be used for controlling Phytophthora infestans, and help green prevention and control of P. infestans, the ternary solvent of anhydrous ethanol, petroleum ether and ethyl acetate (volume ratio 4∶3∶3) was chosen to extract different parts of 11 Chinese herbal medicines, for instance, Thymus mongolicus, by cold impregnation method to obtain the corresponding preparations. The inhibitive activity of 11 Chinese herbal medicine preparations against P. infestans in vitro and semi in vivo was determined by plate mycelium growth rate and leaf inoculation method, respectively. The preparations of T. mongolicus and Rheum palmatum had strong antibacterial activity, with EC₅₀ of 130.19 and 364.90 mg/kg, respectively, which were much stronger than those of eugenol (669.52 mg/kg). The preparations of Saposhnikovia divaricata, Rumex dentatus, Pogostemon cablin, Cnidium monnieri, Daucus carota and Cullen corylifolium were also strong for antibacterial activity, with EC₅₀ of 768.28, 807.33, 874.75, 953.52, 1 519.11 and 1 659.58 mg/kg, respectively, which were slightly lower or lower than eugenol. It is evident that T. mongolicus, R. palmatum, S. divaricata, R. dentatus, P. cablin, C. monnieri, D. carota and C. corylifolium exhibit strong control effects and potential application value for P. infestans.

关键词

中草药 / 提取物 / 马铃薯晚疫病菌 / 抑菌活性

Key words

Chinese herbal medicine / extracts / Phytophthora infestans / antifungal activity

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基金资助

国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-14-1-22)

甘肃省青年科技基金计划项目(2020-0406-JCC-0193)

兰州市青年科技人才创新项目(2023-QN-166)

甘肃省陇原青年创新创业人才（团队）项目(2022LQTD40)

甘肃省农业科学院重点研发项目(2022GAAS15)