‘藏农薯1号’不同级别种薯的病毒种类及生物学性状比较

Comparison of Virus Occurrence and Biological Characters of Different Grades of Seed Potatoes of Variety 'Zangnongshu 1'

摘要

种薯退化是制约马铃薯（Solanum tuberosum L.）产业发展的重要因素，不同级别种薯播种后在田间发病情况通常差异较大，进而影响其生物学性状及经济效益。以西藏自治区选育品种‘藏农薯1号’为试验材料，分析各级种薯（原原种、原种、一级种、二级种）在田间病毒再侵染情况，比较各级种薯植株生长发育、块茎品质和产量等生物学特性。原原种植株中仅检测到马铃薯S病毒，其他级别种薯植株中可检测到马铃薯卷叶病毒和S病毒。同时，原原种植株田间马铃薯卷叶病毒和S病毒病发病率和病情指数均较低，二级种则相反。在生长发育过程中，现蕾期叶片的叶绿素含量和光合速率最高；随着种薯级别降低，叶绿素含量和光合速率呈下降趋势，而株高差异小。不同级别种薯块茎淀粉和干物质含量差异小，还原糖含量随着种薯级别降低而降低。产量和商品薯率统计结果显示，原原种最高、二级种最低，而原种和一级种之间未见显著差异。考虑到种薯成本和经济效益，在‘藏农薯1号’马铃薯生产中，种薯应优先选用原种和一级种。

Abstract

The degradation of seed potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) is a crucial factor that hinders the development of the potato industry. The disease situation of different grades of seed potatoes in the field after sowing is often varied, impacting their biological characteristics and final economic outcomes. The purpose of this research is to analyze virus reinfection in different grades of seed potatoes (pre-elite, elite, qualified Ⅰ and qualified Ⅱ) of the variety 'Zangnongshu 1' after planting in the field, and to compare the growth, tuber quality, and yield. Only potato virus S was detected in the corresponding plants of the pre-elite. However, potato leafroll virus and potato virus S were detected in plants of other grades. At the same time, the incidence and disease index of potato leafroll virus and potato virus S in the pre-elite group were very low, while the qualified Ⅱ group showed the opposite trend. During the process of plant growth and development, the chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate of leaves at the budding stage were the highest. The chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate decreased with the decrease in grades of seed potatoes, while the plant height showed minimal variation. Although the starch and dry matter contents in potato tubers of different grades showed little difference, the reducing sugar content decreased as the grades of seed potatoes decreased. The statistical results of yield and marketable tuber percentage indicated that the pre-elite group had the highest values, while the qualified Ⅱ group had the lowest. There was little difference between the elite and qualified Ⅰ groups. Considering the cost and economic benefit, the seed potatoes of elite and qualified Ⅰ should be considered in the production of 'Zangnongshu 1'.

关键词

种薯 / 级别 / 病毒 / 生长特性 / 产量

Key words

seed potato / grade / virus / growth characteristic / yield

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基金资助

西藏自治区自然科学基金项目(XZ2021ZR0057G)