二倍体和四倍体马铃薯组培苗结薯性状比较

Comparation of Potato Tuberization-related Traits in Tissue Culture Plantlets of Diploid and Tetraploid Potatoes

摘要

以82份马铃薯材料（2份Solanum tuberosum，34份S. phureja，12份S. chacoense，8份S. polyadenium，9份S. stenotomum，17份S. vernei）为试验对象，调查和分析其结薯性状。2份S. tuberosum材料平均单株产量为35.7 g，平均单株结薯数为5.7个，平均单薯重为6.9 g；34份S. phureja材料平均单株产量为16.0 g，平均单株结薯数为3.9个，平均单薯重为5.0 g；12份S. chacoense材料平均单株产量为10.0 g，平均单株结薯数为10.4个，平均单薯重为1.1 g；8份S. polyadenium材料平均单株产量为11.9 g，平均单株结薯数为9.8个，平均单薯重为1.3 g；9份S. stenotomum材料平均单株产量为13.2 g，平均单株结薯数为12.9个，平均单薯重为1.2 g；17份S. vernei材料平均单株产量为12.6 g，平均单株结薯数为7.8个，平均单薯重为1.7 g。四倍体平均单株产量高于二倍体，S. phureja材料又高于其他二倍体材料；S. chacoense、S. polyadenium、S. stenotomum和S. vernei单株结薯数高于S. tuberosum和S. phureja。在产量构成方面，S. tuberosum和S. phureja单株产量受单株结薯数与单薯重双重影响，而S. chacoense、S. polyadenium、S. stenotomum和S. vernei单株产量几乎仅受单株结薯数影响。试验结果为研究马铃薯块茎形成机制及二倍体资源利用提供参考。

Abstract

Eighty-two potato materials (two from Solanum tuberosum, 34 from S. phureja, 12 from S. chacoense, eight from S. polyadenium, nine from S. stenotomum, and 17 from S. vernei) were tested in this study, to investigate and analyze their potato tuberization-related traits. The two S. tuberosum lines had an average yield of 35.7 g per plant, with 5.7 tubers per plant, and a mean tuber weight of 6.9 g. The 34 S. phureja lines had an average yield of 16.0 g per plant, with 3.9 tubers per plant, and a mean tuber weight of 5.0 g. The 12 S. chacoense lines had an average yield of 10.0 g per plant, with 10.4 tubers per plant, and a mean tuber weight of 1.1 g. The eight S. polyadenium lines had an average yield of 11.9 g per plant, with 9.8 tubers per plant, and a mean tuber weight of 1.3 g. The nine S. stenotomum lines had an average yield of 13.2 g per plant, with 12.9 tubers per plant, and a mean tuber weight of 1.2 g. The 17 S. vernei lines had an average yield of 12.6 g per plant, with 7.8 tubers per plant, and a mean tuber weight of 1.7 g. The average yield per plant was higher in tetraploids than in diploids, and the yield was higher in S. phureja than in other diploids. The number of tubers set per plant was higher in S. chacoense, S. polyadenium, S. stenotomum, and S. vernei than in S. tuberosum and S. phureja. In terms of yield components, the yield of S. tuberosum and S. phureja was affected by both the number of tubers set per plant and mean tuber weight, whereas the yield of S. chacoense, S. polyadenium, S. stenotomum, and S. vernei was affected almost exclusively by the number of tubers set per plant. This study would provide a basis for research on the mechanism of potato tuber formation and diploid resource utilization.

关键词

马铃薯 / 野生种 / 二倍体 / 四倍体 / 单株产量

Key words

potato / wild species / diploid / tetraploid / tuber yield per plant

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基金资助

国家自然科学基金项目(32260543)

云南省重大科技专项(202402AE09001702)