水-磷互作对干旱区马铃薯水肥利用率、农艺性状、产量及品质的影响

Effects of Water-phosphorus Interaction on Water and Fertilizer Utilization, Agronomic Traits, Yield and Quality of Potato in Arid Region

摘要

陇中半干旱区马铃薯生产中存在栽培管理技术欠精细、肥水利用率不高的现状。探究水-磷互作对干旱区马铃薯农艺性状、水分及磷肥利用率、产量及品质影响，以期筛选出适宜的水肥管理模式，为培育优质商品薯提供理论依据和技术支撑。试验采用裂区设计，分析不同灌水量（0、10.00、15.00 m³/667m²）和施磷量（0、10.00、20.00、30.00 kg/667m²）互作下马铃薯土壤贮水量及水分利用率、农艺性状、产量、磷肥利用率及品质变化。随着灌水量和施磷量增加，土壤贮水量、株高、茎粗、水分和磷肥利用率、维生素C和可溶性蛋白含量、产量均有显著升高，且均先升高后降低；有机酸含量较对照（灌水量0和施磷量0）显著下降（灌水量15.00 m³/667m²除外)。当灌水量为10.00 m³/667m²，施磷量为20.00 kg/667m²时，马铃薯土壤贮水量、农艺性状、水肥利用率、产量和品质最佳，为最优水-磷互作模式。

Abstract

Potato production in the semi-arid region of central Gansu Province is facing many challenges, including inadequate cultivation management techniques and low rates of fertilizer and water utilization. This study was to investigate the effects of water-phosphorus interaction on agronomic traits, water and phosphorus fertilizer utilization, yield, and quality of potatoes in arid areas so as to identify an effective water and fertilizer management model that can provide a theoretical foundation and technical support for the cultivation of high-quality commercial potatoes. Split-plot design was used in the experiment. Various irrigation rates (0, 10.00 and 15.00 m³/667m²) and phosphorus application rates (0, 10.00, 20.00 and 30.00 kg/667m²) were analyzed for their effects on soil water storage, water utilization, agronomic traits, yield, phosphorus fertilizer efficiency, and quality. With the increase of irrigation rate and phosphorus application rate, soil water storage, plant height, stem diameter, water and phosphorus fertilizer utilization rate, vitamin C and soluble protein content, and yield all increased significantly, showing the trend of increasing first and then decreasing. Organic acid content decreased significantly compared with the control (irrigation rate 0 and phosphorus application rate 0) except for the irrigation treatment of 15.00 m³/667m². When the irrigation rate was 10.00 m³/667m² and the phosphorus application rate was 20.00 kg/667m², the potato soil water storage, agronomic traits, water and fertilizer utilization rate, yield and quality were the best, which may be the optimal water-phosphorus interaction model.

关键词

马铃薯 / 灌水 / 施磷 / 水-磷互作 / 产量

Key words

potato / irrigation / phosphorus fertilization / water-phosphorus Interaction / yield

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基金资助

国家自然科学基金(32260455)

国家自然科学基金(32060441)

国家自然科学基金(32201810)

国家自然科学基金(32360465)

国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-09-P14)

甘肃省教育厅：青年博士支持项目(2024QB-074)