稻薯轮作区不同秸秆还田方式对土壤肥力及马铃薯产量的影响

Effects of Different Straw Returning Methods on Soil Fertility and Potato Yield in Rice Potato Rotation Areas

摘要

为研究稻薯轮作区秸秆不同还田方式对土壤肥力和马铃薯生长的影响，以‘V7’为试验品种，设置全量秸秆粉碎深耕还田（QT）、全量秸秆粉碎覆盖还田（QF）、半量秸秆粉碎深耕还田（BT）、半量秸秆粉碎覆盖还田（BF），探讨旱稻秸秆不同还田方式和还田量对马铃薯各时期土壤养分、结构及马铃薯产量和品质的影响。深耕和覆盖还田处理马铃薯结薯期土壤有效磷和速效钾含量分别显著降低16.44%~38.50%和19.21%~28.89%，但对发芽期和成熟期土壤养分的影响不显著。QT、BT、BF显著提高成熟期土壤团聚体几何平均直径（Geometric mean diameter, GMD），并显著提高成熟期土壤团聚体平均重量直径（Mean weight diameter, MWD），但对各时期土壤水稳性大团聚体含量R_0.25无显著影响。全量秸秆粉碎覆盖还田（QF）处理显著提高马铃薯的还原糖含量，半量秸秆粉碎深耕还田（BT）处理显著提高马铃薯产量和淀粉产量。冬季旱稻秸秆半量深耕还田处理在马铃薯产量和淀粉产量提升方面表现优于半量秸秆覆盖还田处理，且全量及半量深耕还田处理在马铃薯发芽期土壤MWD、GMD提升上优于全量及半量覆盖还田处理。冬季旱稻秸秆还田种植马铃薯应选择半量秸秆粉碎深耕还田（BT）方式种植马铃薯。

Abstract

A field experiment was conducted using 'V7' as test material to investigate the specific effects of different straw incorporation methods on soil fertility and potato growth in rice-potato rotation systems. Four treatments were established: whole amount of straw crushed with deep tillage incorporation (QT), whole amount of straw crushed with surface mulching (QF), half amount of straw crushed with deep tillage incorporation (BT), and half amount of straw crushed with surface mulching (BF). This study aimed to evaluate the impacts of different rice straw incorporation methods and quantities on soil nutrient dynamics, soil structure characteristics at various growth stages, as well as potato yield and quality. The results demonstrated that both deep tillage and surface mulching treatments significantly reduced soil available phosphorus and potassium contents during tuber initiation by 16.44%-38.50% and 19.21%-28.89%, respectively, compared to conventional practices. However, these treatments showed no significant effects on soil nutrient levels during sprouting and maturity stages. The QT, BT, and BF treatments significantly increased the geometric mean diameter (GMD) of soil aggregates at maturity, while also enhancing the mean weight diameter (MWD) of soil aggregates. Notably, none of the treatments significantly affected the percentage of aggregates >0.25 mm (R_0.25) across growth stages. QF significantly increased potato reducing sugar content, whereas BT significantly improved both tuber yield and starch yield. Comparative analysis revealed that half amount straw deep tillage outperformed half amount surface mulching in yield and starch production enhancement. Furthermore, deep tillage treatments (both full and half amounts) demonstrated superior performance in improving soil MWD and GMD during the sprouting stage compared to corresponding surface mulching treatments. Based on these findings, BT is recommended as the optimal winter upland rice straw management practice for potato cultivation.

关键词

秸秆还田 / 马铃薯 / 土壤养分 / 营养成分

Key words

straw returning / potato / soil nutrient / nutritional composition

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