腐植酸肥对化肥减施条件下马铃薯生长、产量及品质的影响

Effects of Humic Acid Fertilizer on Growth, Yield and Quality of Potato under Reduced Application of Chemical Fertilizer

摘要

为改善农户在马铃薯生产过程中不合理施肥方式，选用‘中薯5号’为试验材料，设计化肥减施15%和25%两个梯度，并设置腐植酸复合肥基施与腐植酸叶面肥喷施（黄腐酸钾）两种施肥方式，通过测量马铃薯的农艺性状、产量和品质，分析不同处理对马铃薯生长、产量及品质的影响。T7处理（减施化肥25%的腐植酸复合肥）可以提高株高；T8处理（减施化肥25%+喷施黄腐酸钾）和T5处理（减施化肥15%+喷施黄腐酸钾）可显著增加茎粗；T5处理的叶片SPAD值相对较高，产量最高，相较于T1处理（不施肥）增产72.79%、相较于T2处理（常规施肥）增产11.53%；T5处理的马铃薯块茎在干物质、淀粉、粗蛋白、维生素C以及花青素含量上表现较好，综合品质最优；T8处理和T5处理氨基酸总含量最高。综上，减施化肥15%+喷施黄腐酸钾效果最佳，可以促进马铃薯的生长，显著提高马铃薯块茎的产量和品质。

Abstract

Two gradients of 15% and 25% reduction of chemical fertilizer were designed using variety 'Zhongshu 5' as the experimental material in order to improve farmers' unreasonable fertilization methods in the process of potato production. Two application methods, humic acid compound fertilizer used as base fertilizer and humic acid foliar fertilizer (potassium fulvic acid) used as folia fertilizer were set up. By measuring the agronomic characters, yield and quality of potato, the effects of different treatments on potato growth, yield and quality were analyzed. Treatment T7 (25% reduction of humic acid compound fertilizer) increased plant height, and treatment T8 (25% reduction of chemical fertilizer + potassium fulvic acid) and treatment T5 (15% reduction of chemical fertilizer + potassium fulvic acid) significantly increased stem diameter. The leaf SPAD value of treatment T5 was relatively high and the yield was the highest, which increased by 72.79% and 11.53% compared with treatment T1 (no fertilization) and treatment T2 (conventional fertilization). Tubers of potato with treatment T5 had the best comprehensive quality in terms of dry matter, starch, crude protein, vitamin C and anthocyanin content, and treatments T8 and T5 had the highest total amino acid content. In summary, 15% reduction of chemical fertilizer + potassium fulvic acid had the best effect, which could promote the growth of potato and significantly improve the yield and quality of potato tubers.

关键词

马铃薯 / 腐植酸 / 产量 / 品质

Key words

potato / humic acid / yield / quality

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基金资助

国家马铃薯产业技术体系专项(CARS-09-ES14)