微量元素对马铃薯疮痂病的防治效果和马铃薯生长、产量的影响

Control of Microelements on Common Scab of Potato and its Growth and Yield Effects

摘要

马铃薯疮痂病是危害马铃薯产业的主要病害，严重影响马铃薯产量和经济效益。为寻找有效且施用方便的马铃薯疮痂病防控措施，通过滤碟法筛选对马铃薯疮痂病菌株Streptomyces scabies（MDJ-20-19）有抑菌作用的微量元素；利用离体接种法检测微量元素对马铃薯疮痂病菌的抑菌效果；测定微量元素对马铃薯疮痂病的盆栽试验防效和田间试验防效，以及对马铃薯植株生长和产量影响。微量元素Fe、Cu、Mn、Zn、B对马铃薯疮痂病菌具有抑制效果，同一浓度梯度下，抑菌效果由高到低依次为：Cu、Zn、Fe、B、Mn。盆栽和田间试验结果表明，防治效果较好的处理分别为Zn、B、Fe，其中经微量元素Zn和B处理的防治效果均可达到78.00%以上，且受环境影响小。田间施用Zn、B、Fe元素可提高马铃薯的产量，且马铃薯植株株高、茎粗均都有不同程度增大。研究结果可对马铃薯疮痂病的防治和防控措施的推广应用提供理论依据。

Abstract

Potato common scab is a major disease that adversely affects the potato industry, leading to substantial reductions in yield and economic returns. To identify effective and practical measures for controlling potato common scab, microelements were screened with their inhibitory effect against Streptomyces scabies (MDJ-20-19) using the filter disc method, and inhibitory effects of these microelements were tested through in vitro inoculation and evaluated for their efficacy in pot and field tests, as well as their impact on the growth and yield of potato. The microelements Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn and B had inhibitory effects on potato common scab. The effectiveness of these microelements at the same concentration gradient was ranked as follows: Cu, Zn, Fe, B, Mn. Results from both potting and field trials indicated that the treatments with better preventive effects were Zn, B, and Fe, respectively, among which the control efficacy of the Zn and B treatments achieved 78.00% or more, with limited environmental impact. Furthermore, the application of Zn, B, and Fe in the field contributed to increased potato yields, as well as enhanced plant height and stem diameter of the potato plants to varying degrees. The findings of this research provide a theoretical basis for the management and extension of potato common scab control.

关键词

马铃薯 / 微量元素 / 马铃薯疮痂病 / 抑菌效果 / 防治效果

Key words

potato / microelement / potato common scab / inhibitory effect / control effect

参考文献

[1] 陈志垚. 马铃薯疮痂病菌拮抗细菌的筛选及其生防机制初步研究[D]. 大庆: 黑龙江八一农垦大学, 2021.

[2] 张建平, 尹玉和, 闫任沛, 等. 内蒙古马铃薯疮痂病发生与防治途径[J]. 中国马铃薯, 2013, 27(1): 56-59.

[3] 秦昕. 离子强度及施肥方法对马铃薯疮痂病菌发生的影响[J]. 马铃薯杂志, 1996, 10(4): 248-251.

[4] Leiminger J, Frank M, Wenk C, et al. Distribution and characterization of Streptomyces species causing potato common scab in Germany[J]. Plant Pathology, 2013, 62(3): 611-623.

[5] 张赛莉, 宋洪元, 任雪松, 等. 钙镁硫元素与甘蓝根肿病抗性关系的分析[J]. 西南大学学报: 自然科学版, 2016, 38(9): 41-45.

[6] 于西芸. 施用微量元素叶面肥对樱桃果实品质的影响[J]. 农业工程技术, 2024, 44(7): 35-36.

[7] 马浩然, 张婧颖, 韩祉君, 等. 不同钾、钙肥处理对马铃薯疮痂病的缓解研究[J/OL]. 吉林农业大学学报, 1-7[2024-06-26]. https://doi.org/10.13327/j.jjlau.2022.1621.

[8] 纪方炎. 硼处理对草莓果实品质的影响研究[D]. 江苏: 扬州大学, 2023.

[9] Huber D M, Jones J B. The role of magnesium in plant disease[J]. Plant Soil, 2013(368): 73-85.

[10] 刘晓燕, 何萍, 金继运. 钾在植物抗病性中的作用及机理的研究进展[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2006(3): 445-450.

[11] Thomidis T, Exadaktylou E. Effect of boron on the development of brown rot (Monilinia laxa) on peaches[J]. Crop Protection, 2009, 29(6): 572-576.

[12] Abdelaziz A M, Dacrory S, Hashem A H, et al. Protective role of zinc oxide nanoparticles based hydrogel against wilt disease of pepper plant[J]. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology, 2021, 35: 102083.

[13] 张铉哲, 赵雪, 陈苏慧, 等. 黑龙江省马铃薯疮痂病菌种群结构及PAI致病基因分析[J]. 中国蔬菜, 2022(5): 53-59.

[14] 王祥龙, 苏翠翠, 马吉福, 等. 延安新造耕地下不同品种马铃薯微量元素含量分析与评价[J]. 生物学通报, 2018, 53(11): 37-41.

[15] 乌学敏. 中微量元素肥料对马铃薯种植的影响[J]. 现代农业, 2014(1): 18-21.

[16] 王秀娟, 娄春荣, 董环, 等. 中微量元素对马铃薯产量和养分吸收的影响[J]. 江苏农业科学, 2013, 41(1): 93-94.

[17] Loria R. Differential production of thaxtomins by pathogenic Streptomyces species in vitro[J]. Phytopathology, 1995, 85(5): 537.

[18] 王延明. 锌肥用量及施用方法对马铃薯产量形成及营养品质的影响[D]. 兰州: 甘肃农业大学, 2014.

[19] 付锦涛, 张香竹, 郑煜, 等. 化肥减量配施有机肥和灌水量对马铃薯生长、产量及水肥利用效率的影响[J]. 江苏农业科学, 2024, 52(17): 73-79.

[20] 张铉哲, 陈梅, 赵雪, 等. 马铃薯疮痂病菌分离鉴定与抗病诱导剂对马铃薯疮痂病防治效果研究[J]. 东北农业大学学报, 2021, 52(5): 10-17.

[21] 赵远征, 徐利敏, 聂峰杰, 等. 不同马铃薯品种抗疮痂病的田间鉴定与评价[J]. 北方农业学报, 2020, 48(1): 81-86.

[22] 邢莹莹. 黑龙江省部分地区马铃薯疮痂病病原鉴定及主栽品种的抗性评价[D]. 大庆: 黑龙江八一农垦大学, 2015.

[23] 刘玉荣, 贾双勤, 强生军, 等. 钾肥在旱地马铃薯栽培技术中的应用研究[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2022, 43(2): 121-126.

[24] Wang X L, Wang M X, Wang L K, et al. Whole plant microbiome profiling reveals a novel geminivirus associated with soybean stay-green disease[J]. Plant Biotechnology Journal, 2022, 20(11): 2159-2173.

[25] 逯海林, 王彦田, 胡俊, 等. 钙、硼肥及植物生长调节剂对芹菜黑心病的田间防效[J]. 中国蔬菜, 2017(5): 64-66.

[26] 娄春荣, 邹晓锦, 何志刚, 等. 不同中微量元素对黄瓜黑星病菌的抑制作用及其对酶活性的影响[J]. 安徽农业科学, 2011, 39(3): 1407-1409.

[27] Sun J Y, Xiao S Q, Xue C S. The tug-of-war on iron between plant and pathogen[J]. Phytopathology Research, 2023, 5(1): 61.

[28] 胡新, 高世杰. 20%噻唑锌悬浮剂拌种对马铃薯疮痂病及其他细菌性病害的防治效果[J]. 黑龙江农业科学, 2021(10): 36-39.

[29] 贾景丽, 张振洲, 周芳, 等. 硫酸锌浸种对马铃薯产量和品质的影响研究[J]. 中国马铃薯, 2010, 24(1): 18-21.

[30] 祁复绒, 陈修斌, 许耀照, 等. 微肥配施对河西绿洲加工型马铃薯的生长效应[J]. 中国马铃薯, 2018, 32(2): 90-95.

基金资助

农业农村部科技教育司项目(13220135)

校县合作横向课题(2024HXZB010)