窄缘施夜蛾野生寄主和栖息地及在马铃薯田迁移动态调查

Survey on the Host, Habitat, and Migration Dynamics of Schrankia costaestrigalis

摘要

为探索马铃薯田窄缘施夜蛾（Schrankia costaestrigalis）发生机制，进一步做好监测和综合防控，2017—2024年，对窄缘施夜蛾在广西壮族自治区玉林市年生活史、寄主及栖息地进行调查。该虫为多食性，寄主包括鸭跖草（Commelina communis）、糠稷（Panicum bisulcatum）、二芒莠竹（Microstegium biaristatum）、水花生（Alternanthera philoxeroides）、两耳草（Paspalum conjugatum）、柳叶箬（Isachne globosa）、水蓑衣（Hygrophila salicifolia）、双穗雀稗（Paspalum paspaloides)、牛繁缕（Malachium aquaticum）等。主要栖息地为低洼湿地及水田田埂等潮湿地草丛，周年繁殖，世代重叠，盛发期为4—6月。马铃薯种植后，窄缘施夜蛾成虫即从田边潮湿地草丛迁移至田中产卵繁殖并为害作物；马铃薯收获后，成虫由田间回迁至草丛。为有效防控窄缘施夜蛾，需对鸭跖草和水花生等广布性杂草进行田间管理，选地时田块远离上述杂草滋生地或种植前开展杂草防除。

Abstract

The annual life, host and habitat of Schrankia costaestrigalis in Yulin City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region were investigated from 2017 to 2024 in order to understand the occurrence mechanism of S. costaestrigalis, and further improve the monitoring and comprehensive prevention and control. The insect is polyphagous. Notable wild host species include weeds like Commelina communis, Panicum bisulcatum, Microstegium biaristatum, Alternanthera philoxeroides, Paspalum conjugatum, Isachne globosa, Hygrophila salicifolia, Paspalum paspaloides, and Malachium aquaticum. The main habitats are low-lying wetlands and the banks of rice paddies, with moist grasslands, breeding year-round, overlapping generations, and a peak period from April to June. After potato planting, the adult of Schrankia costaestrigalis migrates from the damp grass on the edge of the field to the field to lay eggs, reproduce, and cause damage. After potato harvest, adult insects migrate back from the field to the grass. To effectively prevent and control the Schrankia costaestrigalis, it is necessary to carry out effective field management of widely distributed weeds such as Commelina communis and Alternanthera philoxeroides. When selecting potato land, the field should be kept away from the above-mentioned weed breeding grounds or effective weed control should be carried out before planting.

关键词

窄缘施夜蛾 / 马铃薯 / 野生寄主 / 栖息地 / 杂草 / 迁移动态

Key words

Schrankia costaestrigalis / potato / wild host / habitat / weed / migration dynamic

参考文献

[1] Inaturalist. Luceria[EB/OL]. [2024-07-12]. https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/418788-Luceria.

[2] Butterflyhouse. Luceria oculalis(Moore, 1877)[EB/OL]. [2024-07-12]. http://lepidoptera.butterflyhouse.com.au/hypo/oculalis.html.

[3] GBIF Secretariat. Schrankia costaestrigalis (Stephens, 1834)[EB/OL]. [2024-06-12]. https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/search?taxon_key=5113036.

[4] 陈景成, 陈荣泰, 陈思名, 等. 马铃薯新害虫——窄缘施夜蛾(Schrankia costaestrigalis)田间发生规律观察和农业防治实践[J]. 中国植保导刊, 2019, 39(10): 42-49.

[5] 陈景成, 王磊, 陈荣泰, 等. 马铃薯新害虫——窄缘施夜蛾发生为害初步观察及防治对策[C]// 屈冬玉, 金黎平, 陈伊里. 马铃薯产业与健康消费. 哈尔滨: 黑龙江科技出版社, 2019: 398-403.

[6] 陈景成, 陈荣泰, 覃天鑫, 等. 整地和覆膜压土措施对马铃薯窄缘施夜蛾(Schrankia costaestrigalis)的控制作用[J]. 中国植保导刊, 2021, 41(2): 54-58.

[7] 陈化鹏, 高中信. 野生动物生态学[M]. 哈尔滨: 东北林业大学出版社, 1992: 25-28.

[8] 张慧杰, 李建社, 张丽萍, 等. 美洲斑潜蝇的寄主植物种类、适合度及其为害性的评价[J]. 生态学报, 2000, 20(1): 134-138.

[9] 陈文龙, 赵志模, 朱文柄, 等. 四川地区美洲斑潜蝇的寄主种类[J]. 西南农业大学学报, 1999, 21(1): 55-58.

[10] Yoshimatsu S. Schrankia costaestrigalis (Stephens) (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) utilizing underground spaces[J]. Japanese Journal of Entomology, 1995, 63(3): 541-550.

[11] Stojanović D. A new species of genus Schrankia Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) for the fauna of Serbia[J]. Acta Entomologica Serbica, 2006, 11(1/2): 83-89.

[12] 王浩元, 张立敏, 陈斌, 等. 马铃薯块茎蛾幼虫对不同寄主植物的取食选择性[J]. 中国马铃薯, 2013, 27(4): 226-231.

[13] 颜忠诚, 陈永林. 动物的生境选择[J]. 生态学杂志, 1998, 17(2): 43-49.

[14] Xian X Q, Zhao H X, Guo J Y, et al. Estimation of the potential geographical distribution of a new potato pest (Schrankia costaestrigalis) in China under climate change[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2023, 22(8): 2441-2455.

[15] 闫俊杰, 郭文超, 李国清, 等. 我国马铃薯害虫防控现状与展望[J]. 植物保护, 2023, 49(5): 190-195, 206.

基金资助

广西重点研发计划项目(桂科AB21196070)