马铃薯新品系抗旱性评价

Evaluation of Drought Resistance for New Potato Lines

摘要

干旱胁迫对马铃薯生长发育影响巨大，选择或培育更适应干旱环境生长的马铃薯新品种至关重要。为培育高产、优质、抗旱的马铃薯新品种，以多年杂交选育出的5个马铃薯新品系及对照品种‘大西洋’为供试材料，利用PEG-6000模拟干旱胁迫，测定各品系组培苗脯氨酸（Proline，Pro）含量、丙二醛（Malondialdehyde，MDA）含量、可溶性糖含量、过氧化物酶（Peroxidase，POD）活性和超氧化物歧化酶（Superoxide dismutase，SOD）活性，进行抗旱性评价。在浓度为20% PEG-6000胁迫浓度下，对各供试材料胁迫72 h是鉴定各供试马铃薯组培苗干旱胁迫反应的最佳处理组合。且在模拟干旱胁迫后，材料‘084-6’和‘066-2-10’的Pro含量最高，‘084-6’的MDA含量最低，‘066-1-9’的SOD活性最高。采用隶属函数对供试材料组培苗进行综合评价，结果表明，5个马铃薯新品系及对照品种‘大西洋’的抗旱性由强到弱依次为：‘084-6’ ‘066-2-10’ ‘066-1-9’ ‘068-8’ ‘078-4’ ‘大西洋’。叶片细胞超微结构结果表明，5个马铃薯新品系及其对照品种的抗旱性由强到弱依次为：‘084-6’ ‘066-1-9’ ‘066-2-10’ ‘078-4’ ‘068-8’ ‘大西洋’。综合以上结果，筛选出供试材料‘084-6’ ‘066-2-10’和‘066-1-9’是相对抗旱的新品系。初步了解了不同马铃薯品系的抗旱性，为马铃薯新品种的登记利用奠定基础。

Abstract

Drought stress significantly impacts potato growth and development, making it essential to select or breed new potato varieties that can adapt to arid environments. To develop high-yield, high-quality, and drought-resistant potato varieties, five new potato lines, which were selected over several years from various crosses, along with a control variety, 'Atlantic' were subjected to different concentrations of PEG-6000. The proline (Pro) content, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, soluble sugar content, peroxidase (POD) activity, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were measured in in vitro plantlets to assess their drought resistance. The optimal treatment combination for evaluating the drought stress response of in vitro plantlets involved subjecting each material to a 20% PEG-6000 concentration for 72 hours. Following simulated drought stress, the Pro content in the materials '084-6' and '066-2-10' was the highest, while the MDA content in '084-6' was the lowest, and the SOD activity in '066-1-9' was the highest. A membership function was employed to evaluate the drought resistance of the in vitro plantlets of the tested materials. The results indicated that the drought resistance of the five new potato lines and the control variety 'Atlantic' ranked from strongest to weakest as follows: '084-6', '066-2-10', '066-1-9', '068-8', '078-4', 'Atlantic'. Ultrastructural analysis of leaf cells further confirmed that the drought resistance of the five new potato lines and the control variety was ranked similarly: '084-6', '066-1-9', '066-2-10', '078-4', '068-8', 'Atlantic'. These findings demonstrate that '084-6' '066-2-10' and '066-1-9' are relatively drought-resistant new potato lines among the tested materials in this study. Understanding the drought resistance of different potato varieties lays the groundwork for the registration and utilization of new potato varieties.

关键词

马铃薯 / 新品系 / 干旱胁迫 / 生理指标 / 隶属函数

Key words

potato / new breeding line / drought stress / physiological indicator / membership function

参考文献

[1] Huang X, Han B. The magic of genomics in creating hybrid potato[J]. Molecular Plant, 2021, 14(8): 1237-1238.

[2] 金黎平, 石瑛, 高明杰, 等. 基于大食物观视角的中国马铃薯产业发展路径[C]// 中国作物学会马铃薯专业委员会. 马铃薯产业与大食物观. 哈尔滨: 黑龙江科学技术出版社, 2024: 1-8.

[3] 白嗣鲜, 刘斌, 吕明举, 等. 内蒙古自治区马铃薯种业现状及发展趋势分析[J]. 现代农业, 2022, 3(5): 56-58.

[4] Raza A, Duck M K, Kyung-Hwa B, et al. Stress-induced expression of choline oxidase in potato plant chloroplasts confers enhanced tolerance to oxidative, salt, and drought stresses[J]. Plant Cell Reports, 2008, 27(4): 98-687.

[5] Liu B, Gu W, Yang Y, et al. Promoting potato as staple food can reduce the carbon-land-water impacts of crops in China[J]. Nature Food, 2021, 2(8): 570-577.

[6] 张佳. 马铃薯干旱响应与耐旱性的基因型差异及其生理机制[D]. 雅安: 四川农业大学, 2011.

[7] 于国红, 刘朋程, 李磊, 等. 不同基因型马铃薯对干旱胁迫的生理响应[J]. 生物技术通报, 2022, 38(5): 56-63.

[8] 曹正鹏. 亏缺灌溉对马铃薯生长、产量和品质及水分利用的影响[D]. 兰州: 甘肃农业大学, 2022.

[9] 抗艳红, 龚学臣, 赵海超, 等. 不同生育时期干旱胁迫对马铃薯生理生化指标的影响[J]. 中国农学通报, 2011, 27(15): 97-101.

[10] 武新娟, 魏峭嵘, 石瑛, 等. 马铃薯在不同水分胁迫下的生理反应[C]// 陈伊里, 屈冬玉. 马铃薯产业与现代农业. 哈尔滨: 哈尔滨工程大学出版社, 2007: 148-152.

[11] 翟春梅, 王赞, 邓波, 等. 水分胁迫对紫花苜蓿苗期生理动态变化的影响[J]. 黑龙江畜牧兽医, 2008, 2(12): 54-56.

[12] 白江平, 王晓斌, 高慧娟, 等. 干旱和盐胁迫对马铃薯试管苗亚细胞结构及生理生化指标的影响[J]. 西北植物学报, 2016, 36(11): 2233-2240.

[13] 谢婉, 杨喜珍, 杨利, 等. 利用隶属函数法评价马铃薯组培苗的抗旱性[J]. 中国马铃薯, 2019, 33(2): 65-76.

[14] 贾琼, 张冬红, 蒙美莲, 等. PEG6000渗透胁迫对马铃薯生理特性的影响[J]. 中国马铃薯, 2009, 23(5): 263-267.

[15] 李志燕. PEG-6000胁迫下马铃薯耐旱指标的筛选[D]. 哈尔滨: 东北农业大学, 2015.

[16] 王丹, 温贺, 穆俊祥, 等. 专用加工型马铃薯新品系创制及其对干旱胁迫的响应[J]. 种子, 2024, 43(6): 122-130, 138.

[17] 尹智宇, 肖关丽. 干旱胁迫对冬马铃薯苗期生理指标及光合特性的影响[J]. 云南农业大学学报: 自然科学, 2017, 32(6): 992-998.

[18] 王俊娟, 叶武威, 王德龙, 等. PEG胁迫条件下41份陆地棉种质资源萌发特性研究及其抗旱性综合评价[J]. 植物遗传资源学报, 2011, 12(6): 840-846.

[19] 丁玉梅, 马龙海, 周晓罡, 等. 干旱胁迫下马铃薯叶片脯氨酸、丙二醛含量变化及与耐旱性的相关性分析[J]. 西南农业学报, 2013, 26(1): 106-110.

[20] 李建武. 水分胁迫对马铃薯生理生化特性的影响[D]. 兰州: 甘肃农业大学, 2006.

[21] 宋志荣. 马铃薯对旱胁迫的反应[J]. 中国马铃薯, 2004, 18(6): 330-332.

[22] 抗艳红, 龚学臣, 田再民, 等. 聚乙二醇处理马铃薯脱毒试管苗的生理反应[J]. 江苏农业科学, 2011, 39(2): 162-164.

[23] 焦志丽, 李勇, 吕典秋, 等. 不同程度干旱胁迫对马铃薯幼苗生长和生理特性的影响[J]. 中国马铃薯, 2011, 25(6): 329-333.

[24] 卢福顺. 水分胁迫对马铃薯生理指标和叶片结构的影响[D]. 哈尔滨: 东北农业大学, 2013.

[25] 焦志丽. 马铃薯干旱危害及提高抗旱性的研究[D]. 哈尔滨: 东北林业大学, 2012.

[26] 张丽莉, 王庆祥, 石瑛, 等. 干旱胁迫对马铃薯叶肉和茎部细胞超微结构的影响[J]. 沈阳农业大学学报, 2015, 46(1): 91-95.

[27] 张丽莉, 石瑛, 祁雪, 等. 干旱胁迫对马铃薯叶片超微结构及生理指标的影响[J]. 干旱地区农业研究, 2015, 33(2): 75-80.

[28] 赵冀, 赵喜娟, 方爱国, 等. 水分胁迫对不同基因型马铃薯产量形成、光合生理特性及根系发育的影响[J]. 中国马铃薯, 2022, 36(6): 508-516.

[29] 秦天元. 干旱胁迫下马铃薯C119和C16品种生理生化及转录组的差异分析[D]. 兰州: 甘肃农业大学, 2021.

基金资助

内蒙古自治区马铃薯育种联合攻关项目(YZ2023006)

内蒙古农业大学基本科研业务费专项(BR22-11-16)

内蒙古自治区科技计划项目(2020GG0221)