2019—2024年中国马铃薯品种登记情况分析

Analysis of Potato Variety Registration in China from 2019 to 2024

摘要

近年来，随着种业振兴战略的深入推进，马铃薯品种创新成为产业高质量发展的关键支撑。基于中国种业大数据平台数据，分析2019—2024年中国马铃薯品种登记情况，从登记数量、区域分布、申请者性质、选育技术、品种类型及熟期类型方面展开研究。中国马铃薯品种登记数量呈波动上升趋势，年均增长率约为14%，北方一作区登记数量占比最高，达到64.53%。科研机构在申请者中占主导地位，但企业参与度逐年提升。选育技术方面仍以杂交技术为主，但变异技术应用明显增加。品种类型方面以鲜食品种为主流，兼用型品种逐年增多，品种功能趋向多元化。熟期构成方面中熟品种占比明显上升，早熟品种则逐年减少。综上，中国马铃薯品种选育正朝着技术多样化、类型多元化和遵循市场需求导向的方向发展。

Abstract

In recent years, with the advancement of the seed industry revitalization strategy, potato variety innovation becomes a key driver for high-quality development in the industry. Based on the data of China Seed Industry Big Data Platform, the registration of potato varieties was analyzed in China from 2019 to 2024. The research was carried out from the following aspects: the registered number of varieties, regional distribution, the character of applicants, breeding technology, variety types and maturity types. The registered number of potato varieties showed a fluctuating upward trend, with an average annual increase rate of about 14%, and the number in the North China One Cropping Zone accounted for the highest proportion, reaching 64.53%. Scientific research institutions dominated among applicants, but the participation of enterprises has been increasing year by year. Hybrid technology was still the main breeding technology, but the application of mutation technology had increased obviously. In terms of variety types, the table potatoes were the mainstream, and the number of multipurpose potato variety was increasing year by year, and the functions tended to be diversified. In addition, the proportion of mid maturing varieties in the composition of maturity period has obviously increased, while the proportion of early maturing varieties has decreased gradually. To sum up, the breeding of potato varieties in China is developing in the direction of technical diversification, type diversification and market demand orientation.

关键词

马铃薯 / 品种登记 / 区域分布 / 选育技术 / 品种特性

Key words

potato / variety registration / regional distribution / breeding technology / variety characteristic

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基金资助

黑龙江省重点研发计划项目(2022ZX01A23)

黑龙江省重点研发计划项目(2022ZX01A25)