马铃薯茎叶降解菌培养及腐熟效果分析

Culture of Microorganisms Degrading Potato Stems and Leaves and Analysis of Decomposition effect

摘要

腐熟菌剂是有效提高马铃薯茎叶降解的微生物菌剂。为获得马铃薯茎叶高效腐熟菌剂，将蜡样芽孢杆菌（Bacillus cereus）FS-236、解淀粉芽孢杆菌（B. amyloliquefaciens）FS-78和黑曲霉（Aspergillus niger）FS-1080三种菌株分别以1∶1混合、1∶1∶1三菌混配得到复合菌剂，选用市售秸秆腐熟剂（主要成分：枯草芽孢杆菌、地衣芽孢杆菌、酿酒酵母菌、嗜酸乳杆菌）作为对照，测定其纤维素酶、蛋白质酶、木质素酶及淀粉酶的活性，并分别探究单一菌株及复合菌株对马铃薯茎叶的腐熟效果。双菌混养和三菌混养的纤维素酶、蛋白质酶、木质素酶及淀粉酶活性较单一菌株高，两菌复配型腐熟剂（解淀粉芽孢杆菌和蜡样芽孢杆菌）比市售秸秆腐熟剂（CK）对马铃薯茎叶中蛋白分解能力提高12.9%，淀粉分解能力提高22.3%，纤维素分解能力提高30.0%，木质素分解能力提高29.2%，从室温达到55 ℃的升温幅度平均缩短17.0%。验证解淀粉芽孢杆菌和蜡样芽孢杆菌的复合菌剂对马铃薯茎叶降解腐熟具有明显效果，该研究为马铃薯茎叶原位快速腐熟还田提供技术支撑。

Abstract

Decomposition agent is a microbial agent that can effectively improve the degradation of potato stems and leaves. In order to obtain efficient decomposition agents for potato stems and leaves, Bacillus cereus (FS-236), B. amyloliquefaciens (FS-78) and Aspergillus niger (FS-1080) were mixed in pairs at a ratio of 1:1 and in a ratio of 1:1:1 to obtain composite agents and a commercial decomposition agent (mainly composed of B. subtilis, B. licheniformis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Lactobacillus acidophilus) was selected as a control to determine their cellulase, protease, ligninase and amylase activities, and to explore their decomposing effects of individual and composite strains on potato stems and leaves. The cellulase, proteinase, ligninase, and amylase activities of the two mixed strains and three mixed strains were higher than those of an individual strain. The two mixed strains (B. amyloliquefaciens and B. cereus) has a 12.9% increase in protein decomposition ability, a 22.3% increase in starch decomposition ability, a 30.0% increase in cellulose decomposition ability and a 29.2% increase in lignin decomposition ability in potato stems and leaves compared to the commercially available decomposing agent (CK). The average heating amplitude from room temperature to 55 ℃ is shortened by 17.0%. The composite microbial agent of B. amyloliquefaciens and B. cereus has an obvious effect on the decomposition and maturation of potato stems and leaves. This study would provide technical supports for potato stems and leaves to be quickly decomposed in situ and returned to the field.

关键词

马铃薯 / 茎叶降解菌 / 腐熟 / 菌株

Key words

potato / stem-leaf degrading microorganism / decomposition / strain

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基金资助

山东省生态农业技术体系畜禽粪污无害化利用岗位(SDAIT-30-07)

山东省科技成果转移转化补助（鲁渝科技协作）项目(2022LYXZ-029)