马铃薯菌核病危害及防治

Damage and Control of Potato Sclerotinia Disease

摘要

由核盘菌[Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary]引发的马铃薯菌核病是一种危害严重的植物病害，其病原菌寄主范围广，可侵染75科400余种植物，且危害性强。大豆、向日葵、油菜等经济作物的持续扩种，导致轮作体系失衡，同时田间菌核病病原菌持续积累。这种状况显著增加了后续轮作中马铃薯菌核病的初侵染源，对马铃薯的产量和品质构成严重威胁。文中系统综述了该病害的病原菌生物学特征、侵染循环规律、其他作物菌核病的致病分子机制及防控策略的研究进展，提出了目前关于马铃薯菌核病害防治工作中存在的问题，并对今后的研究方向进行了展望。

Abstract

Sclerotinia stem rot in potato caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary is a devastating plant disease, which has a wide host range and can infect more than 400 species in 75 families. The continuous expansion of economic crops such as soybeans, sunflowers, and rapeseeds has led to an imbalance in the crop rotation system, which contributes to the accumulation of S. sclerotiorum pathogens in the field. This situation significantly increased the inoculum of Sclerotinia stem rot in potato during the following crop rotations, thereby posing a serious threat to potato yield and quality. The biological characteristics of the pathogen, infection cycle, molecular mechanisms of pathogenicity in other crops, and the research progress of control strategies for this disease are systematically reviewed. The existing problems in the control of potato Sclerotinia disease are also addressed and future research directions are provided.

关键词

马铃薯 / 核盘菌 / 致病机制 / 综合防治

Key words

potato / Sclerotinia sclerotiorum / pathogenic mechanism / integrated control

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基金资助

黑龙江省农业科学院创新工程项目(CX23YQ06)

黑龙江省自然科学基金资助项目(LH2024C104)

黑龙江省省属科研院所科研业务费项目(CZKYF2024-1-C024)

黑龙江省农业科学院农业科技创新跨越工程项目(CX23GG19)

黑龙江省重点研发计划项目(GA23B011)