马铃薯主栽品种耐盐性鉴定及生理机制解析

Identification of Salt Tolerance and Physiological Mechanism Analysis of Main Potato Varieties

摘要

中国是盐碱地大国，且有持续扩大风险，马铃薯作为中国第四大主粮，其适应性广，开展马铃薯耐盐品种选育是提升盐碱地资源利用效率的重要途径之一。以9个代表性马铃薯主栽品种（‘合作88’ ‘威芋5号’ ‘丽薯6号’ ‘冀张薯12号’ ‘大西洋’ ‘费乌瑞它’ ‘鄂薯5号’ ‘陇薯5号’ ‘威芋3号’）为材料，通过盐胁迫处理，结合表型观察与生理指标分析，系统评估其耐盐性差异及生理响应特征。不同品种耐盐性存在显著差异：‘威芋5号’和‘合作88’耐盐性较强；‘费乌瑞它’和‘鄂薯5号’对盐胁迫高度敏感。生理机制分析表明，盐胁迫下感盐品种膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛（Malondialdehyde，MDA）含量显著升高，而耐盐品种MDA积累量较低；渗透调节物质脯氨酸在多数品种中呈诱导积累，其中感盐品种增幅可达10倍以上，耐盐品种上调不明显。离子分布特征显示，耐盐品种‘威芋5号’和‘合作88’可有效限制Na⁺向地上部转运，维持叶片低Na⁺稳态，而感盐品种因Na⁺在叶片过度积累加剧离子稳态失衡，导致耐盐性下降。研究初步筛选出‘威芋5号’和‘合作88’作为耐盐优异种质，后续可通过盐碱地田间试验进一步验证其耐盐性及产量潜力，为马铃薯耐盐品种选育及盐碱地种植推广提供重要参考。

Abstract

China is a major country with saline-alkali land, and there is a risk of continuous expansion. As the fourth largest staple food in China, potato has wide adaptability. Developing salt-tolerant potato variety is one of the important ways to improve the utilization efficiency of saline-alkali land resources. In this study, nine representative main potato varieties ('Hezuo 88' 'Weiyu 5' 'Lishu 6' 'Jizhangshu 12' 'Atlantic' 'Favorita' 'Eshu 5' 'Longshu 5' 'Weiyu 3') were used as materials, and the differences in salt tolerance and physiological response characteristics were systematically evaluated through salt stress treatment, combined with phenotypic observation and physiological index analysis. There were significant differences in salt tolerance among different varieties. 'Weyu 5' and 'Hezuo 88' had stronger salt tolerance; 'Favorita' and 'Eshu 5' were highly sensitive to salt stress. Physiological mechanism analysis showed that under salt stress, the content of malondialdehyde (MDA), a membrane lipid peroxidation product, significantly increased in salt-sensitive varieties, while the accumulation of MDA was lower in salt-tolerant varieties; proline(Pro), an osmotic adjustment substance, was induced and accumulated in most varieties, among which the increase in salt-sensitive varieties reached more than 10 times, and the up-regulation in salt-tolerant varieties was not obvious. The ion distribution characteristics showed that the salt-tolerant varieties 'Weyu 5' and 'Hezuo 88' effectively restricted the translocation of Na⁺ to the shoot and maintain the low Na⁺ homeostasis in leaves, while the salt-sensitive varieties aggravated the imbalance of ion homeostasis due to the excessive accumulation of Na⁺ in leaves, leading to the decrease of salt tolerance. 'Weiyu 5' and 'Hezuo 88' were preliminarily selected as excellent salt-tolerant germplasm, and their salt tolerance and yield potential could be further verified by field experiments in saline-alkali land, which would provide important reference for potato salt-tolerant variety breeding and planting promotion in saline-alkali land.

关键词

马铃薯栽培种 / 盐胁迫 / 离子含量 / 生理指标

Key words

Solanum tuberosum L. / salt stress / ion content / physiological index

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基金资助

山东省农业良种工程项目(2022LZGC017)

马铃薯耐盐遗传解析及野生种质利用(W2412007)