天水市河谷川道区马铃薯优质品种筛选试验

Screening Test of High-quality Potato Varieties in the Valley Plain Areas of Tianshui City

摘要

马铃薯为天水市的优势农作物，高产优质品种的应用在马铃薯产业发展中发挥着重要作用。为筛选出适宜天水市河谷川道地区种植的高产优质马铃薯品种，以‘克新1号’为对照品种，对引进品种‘华颂7号’ ‘华颂34号’ ‘冀张薯12号’ ‘延薯10号’ ‘尤金’ ‘中薯5号’ ‘希森6号’ ‘荷兰7号’ ‘荷兰15号’进行生物学特性、适应性、抗病性、商品性以及产量的比较试验。两年试验结果表明，‘希森6号’ ‘华颂34号’ ‘华颂7号’适应性好，抗病性强，丰产性好；3个品种早疫病发病率在19.6%~44.8%，病情指数在3.0~7.4，商品薯率在84%~90%，产量分别为58 497、53 611、53 410 kg/hm²，较对照品种‘克新1号’分别增产31.46%、20.48%、20.03%，增收27 617、15 038、19 489元/hm²。综合品种熟性、抗病性、商品性及丰产性进行评价，‘希森6号’ ‘华颂34号’ ‘华颂7号’可作为当地推荐种植户选择的优质品种。

Abstract

Potato is a dominant crop in Tianshui City, and the application of high-yield and high-quality varieties plays an important role in the development of the potato industry. To screen out high-yield and high-quality potato varieties suitable for cultivation in the valley plain areas of Tianshui City, 'Huasong 7', 'Huasong 34', 'Jizhangshu 12', 'Yanshu 10', 'Youjin', 'Zhongshu 5', 'Xisen 6', 'Helan 7', and 'Helan 15' were introduced, and a comparative experiment was conducted and evaluated for the biological characteristics, adaptability, disease resistance, commodity quality, and yield of the introduced varieties using 'Kexin 1' as a control. The results of the two-year experiment showed that 'Xisen 6', 'Huasong 34', and 'Huasong 7' had good adaptability, strong disease resistance, and yield potential. The incidence of early blight of the three varieties was from 19.6% to 44.8%, with disease index being from 3.0 to 7.4. Their marketable tuber percentage was from 84% to 90%, and yields were 58 497, 53 611, and 53 410 kg/ha, respectively. The yield increased by 31.46%, 20.48%, and 20.03% and profits by 27 617, 15 038 and 19 489 Yuan/ha, when compared with the control variety 'Kexin 1'. Based on the comprehensive evaluation of variety maturity, disease resistance, commercialization, and yield, 'Xisen 6', 'Huasong 34', and 'Huasong 7' could be recommended as high-quality varieties for local growers to choose.

关键词

天水市 / 马铃薯 / 品种 / 筛选

Key words

Tianshui / potato / variety / screening

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基金资助

国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFD2302100)

现代农业产业技术体系专项(CARS-09)

甘肃省科技特派员（团）专项(25CXNE005)