茉莉酸甲酯对马铃薯微型薯结薯数量的影响

Effect of Methyl Jasmonate on the Number of Potato Minitubers

摘要

马铃薯微型薯具备无病毒、便于贮藏和易于运输等优点，马铃薯产业的发展离不开脱毒种薯的推广和应用。以‘米拉’和‘华薯9号’品种脱毒试管苗为试验材料，研究不同茉莉酸甲酯浓度对马铃薯植株生长、结薯和休眠期的影响。茉莉酸甲酯对马铃薯植株生长无明显影响，不影响微型薯的休眠期。在盆栽试验中，叶施200 μmol/L的茉莉酸甲酯促进微型薯结薯效果显著。在生产试验中，为保证微型薯结薯数量，茉莉酸甲酯的浓度应随扦插密度的提高而逐渐降低；试管苗扦插密度为300株/m²时，叶施150 μmol/L的茉莉酸甲酯溶液可显著提高微型薯的总薯数和有效薯数；扦插密度为200株/m²且叶施200 μmol/L的茉莉酸甲酯溶液时，结薯数量与300株/m²的清水对照处理无显著差异。综上，在马铃薯微型薯生产过程中，叶施150~200 μmol/L的茉莉酸甲酯溶液可提高微型薯结薯数量。

Abstract

Potato minitubers have the advantages of virus-free, easy to store and transport. The development of the potato industry can not be separated from the promotion and application of virus-free seed potatoes. Using virus-free in vitro plantlets of 'Mira' and 'Huashu 9' as experimental materials, the effects of different concentrations of methyl jasmonate on the growth, tuberization of potato plants and dormancy period of minitubers were studied. Methyl jasmonate had no significant effect on the growth of potato plants and did not affect the dormancy period of minitubers. In the pot experiment, foliar application of 200 μmol/L methyl jasmonate significantly promoted the tuberization of minitubers. In the production experiment, to ensure the number of minitubers, the concentration of methyl jasmonate should gradually decrease with the increase of the cutting density of in vitro plantlets. When the cutting density of in vitro plantlets was 300 plants/m², foliar application of 150 μmol/L methyl jasmonate solution significantly increased the total number and effective number of minitubers. When the cutting density of in vitro plantlets was 200 plants/m² and foliar application of 200 μmol/L methyl jasmonate solution was used, the number of minitubers was not significantly different from the water control treatment with a density of 300 plants/m². In conclusion, in the production process of minitubers, foliar application of 150-200 μmol/L methyl jasmonate solution could increase the number of minitubers.

关键词

马铃薯 / 微型薯 / 茉莉酸甲酯 / 结薯数

Key words

potato / minituber / methyl jasmonate / minituber number

参考文献

[1] Zoran B, Jasmina O, Danijel P, et al. Potato aeroponics: Effects of cultivar and plant origin on minituber production[J]. Horticulturae, 2022, 8(10): 915.

[2] 崔永伟, 杜聪慧, 李树君. 中国马铃薯种薯产业发展分析与展望[J]. 农业展望, 2020, 16(1): 71-76.

[3] 邱彩玲, 申宇, 高艳玲, 等. 中国马铃薯种薯生产及质量控制[J]. 中国马铃薯, 2019, 33(4): 249-254.

[4] 王越. 马铃薯微型薯生产成本调研与马铃薯主食化品质性状分析[D]. 武汉: 华中农业大学, 2019.

[5] 陈晨, 胡秋倩, 杨凯波, 等. 茉莉酸甲酯调控植物生长发育的研究进展[J]. 江苏农业科学, 2023, 51(12): 1-11.

[6] 陈大清, 王雪英, 李亚男. 水杨酸和茉莉酸甲酯对试管马铃薯形成的影响[J]. 华中农业大学学报, 2005(1): 74-78.

[7] Shashi S, Ayushi M, Prashasti P, et al. Salicylic acid and methyl jasmonate synergistically ameliorate salinity induced damage by maintaining redox balance and stomatal movement in potato[J]. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 2023, 42(8): 4652-4672.

[8] 雍楠, 王勇, 张茹艳, 等. 外源茉莉酸甲酯对镉胁迫马铃薯光合荧光特性及块茎产量的影响[J]. 西北农林科技大学学报: 自然科学版, 2024, 52(8): 82-90.

[9] 门福义, 刘梦云. 马铃薯栽培生理[M]. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 1995.

[10] 汪翠存, 胡建军, 贾巍巍, 等. 不同温度下赤霉素与硫脲对马铃薯原原种休眠及芽形态的影响[J]. 西南农业学报, 2017, 30(5): 1035-1040.

[11] 吴德伟, 汪姣姣, 谢道昕. 茉莉素与植物生物胁迫反应[J]. 生物技术通报, 2018, 34(7): 14-23.

[12] 杨天宇, 韩小女, 徐尤先, 等. 叶面喷施茉莉酸甲酯对马铃薯微型薯生长及产量的影响[J]. 亚热带植物科学, 2020, 49(4): 247-252.

[13] 周积兵, 郑天翔, 陆海宁, 等. 整薯与切块播种对河西走廊加工型马铃薯品种生长及品质和产量的影响[J]. 中国马铃薯, 2019, 33(2): 84-88.

[14] 王凤花, 孙凯, 赖庆辉, 等. 单行气吸式微型薯精密播种机设计与试验[J]. 农业机械学报, 2020, 51(1): 66-76.

基金资助

国家马铃薯产业技术体系项目(CARS-09)

武汉市科技特派员产学研专项(2023110201030658)