小薯专用品种‘华薯16号’配套栽培措施研究

Research on Integrated Cultivation Practices for the Dedicated Special Small Potato Variety 'Huashu 16'

摘要

‘华薯16号’作为鲜食小薯专用品种，具有地上部生物量大、主茎多及小薯产量高等特征。试验研究种薯大小（5~80 g）、全生育期（70~141 d）、种植密度（4 500~9 000株/667m²）及植物生长调节剂（矮壮素、烯效唑）关键栽培因子对‘华薯16号’生长特性、产量及块茎分布的影响。种薯大小与播种早晚对母薯芽长和芽粗均具有极显著影响，其中种薯大小对芽粗影响更为显著，而播种早晚对芽长影响较大。适当延长全生育期促进产量提升，当全生育期超过127 d时，30 g以上块茎占比呈现增长趋势。7 500株/667m²为临界值，超过该密度时出苗率与产量均下降。烯效唑处理虽能有效控制株高并增加31~60 g块茎占比，但会导致产量显著降低。针对‘华薯16号’品种特性，建议选用31~50 g种薯，种植密度控制在7 500~9 000株/667m²，保证全生育期≥127 d以保证小薯率与产量。

Abstract

'Huashu 16', as a specialized variety for fresh consumption of small sized tubers, is characterized by high above-ground biomass, multiple main stems, and substantial yield of small sized tuber. The effects of key cultivation factors on the growth traits, yield, and tuber weight distribution of 'Huashu 16' were systematically studied, including seed tuber size (5-80 g), and full growth period (70-141 days), planting density (4 500-9 000 plants/667m²), and plant growth regulators (chlormequat and uniconazole). Sprout length and diameter were found to be highly significantly affected by seed tuber size and sowing time, with sprout diameter being more strongly influenced by seed tuber size, whereas sprout length was predominantly determined by sowing time. Appropriate extension of the whole growth period promoted yield increase. When the whole growth period exceeded 127 days, the proportion of tubers above 30 g showed an increasing trend. A planting density of 7 500 plants/667m² was identified as a critical threshold, and exceeding this density led to decline in both emergence percentage and yield. Although uniconazole effectively controlled plant height and elevated the proportion of tubers within the 31-60 g range, the overall yield was significantly reduced. Considering the characteristics of the variety 'Huashu 16', it is recommended to select seed tubers weighing 31-50 g, with a planting densities between 7 500 and 9 000 plants/667m² and a full growth period of no less than 127 days in order to guarantee both the percentage of small sized tubers and overall yield.

关键词

华薯16号 / 小薯 / 控旺 / 全生育期 / 种薯大小

Key words

Huashu 16 / small sized tuber / growth control / full growth period / seed tuber size

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基金资助

湖北省科技创新重点研发项目(2023BBB035)

湖北省支持种业高质量发展资金项目(HBZY2023B0023)