冬种马铃薯新品种筛选及优质高产配套栽培技术
樊吴静 , 杨鑫 , 李丽淑 , 夏军辉 , 张健 , 李小波 , 杨然兵 , 索海翠
中国马铃薯 ›› 2025, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (1) : 55 -63.
冬种马铃薯新品种筛选及优质高产配套栽培技术
Selection of New Winter Potato Varieties and Cultivation Techniques for High-quality and High-yield Matching
品种单一、商品薯率低、机械化效率低等问题制约广西壮族自治区冬种马铃薯产业的高质量发展。为筛选适宜该地区的具备优质、高产、可机械化生产特点的马铃薯新品种,以‘费乌瑞它’为对照品种,连续两年对‘中薯31号’ ‘中薯早35号’ ‘丽薯7号’ ‘云薯902’ ‘华薯9号’ ‘闽薯6号’6个品种的植株性状、块茎性状、产量性状、抗病性及营养品质进行鉴定和评价,并以综合表现最佳的品种为材料,进行不同种植密度、肥料用量及机械化适应性栽培试验。‘华薯9号’综合表现好,商品薯率高,丰产性好,产量最高为2 610 kg/667m2(比对照品种增产21.40%),适宜全程机械化生产,块茎干物质和蛋白质含量较高(19.80%、2.52%),还原糖含量较低(0.04%),鲜食营养丰富。种植密度为4 500株/667m2,基肥施用量为75 kg/667m2,提质增产效果最好,但需注意防控晚疫病。本研究可为广西壮族自治区冬作区马铃薯品种推广与种植提供参考。
The problems of limited variety, low marketable tuber percentage, and low mechanization efficiency constrain the high-quality development of winter potato industry in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. To screen new potato varieties for high quality, high yield, and mechanization production characteristics suitable for planting in the region, the plant traits, tuber traits, yield, disease resistance, and nutritional quality of six varieties including 'Zhongshu 31', 'Zhongshuzao 35', 'Lishu 7', 'Yunshu 902', 'Huashu 9', and 'Minshu 6' were evaluated and identified for two consecutive years using 'Favoria' as the control variety. Different planting densities, fertilizer application rates, and mechanization adaptability cultivation experiments were conducted using the variety with the best comprehensive performance as the material. 'Huashu 9' was identified as having good comprehensive performance, high marketable tuber percentage, and high yield (2 610 kg/667m2), an increase of 21.40% compared to the control variety. It was suitable for full mechanized production, with high tuber dry matter and protein content (19.80% and 2.52%, respectively), low reducing sugar content (0.04%), and rich nutrition. When planting density was 4 500 plants/667m2, and base fertilizer application rate was 75 kg/667m2, the quality and yield were the best, but attention should be paid to the prevention and control of late blight. This study could provide reference for the promotion and cultivation of potato varieties in winter growing areas of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.
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