化肥减量配施生物菌肥对马铃薯生长、光合特性及产量的影响

Effects of Reducing Chemical Fertilizer Application Combined with Bio-fertilizer on Growth, Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield of Potato

摘要

科学施肥对于提升马铃薯产量、促进薯农增收具有重要意义。为制定马铃薯减肥增效施肥方案，助力马铃薯产业提质增效，以‘沃土5号’为试验材料，共设5种施肥处理，分别为常规施肥（CK）、化肥减量20%（RF1）、化肥减量20%配施生物菌肥（RF1+B）、化肥减量40%（RF2）、化肥减量40%配施生物菌肥（RF2+B），系统研究化肥减量并配施生物菌肥对马铃薯生长、光合特性及产量的影响。不同施肥处理对马铃薯农艺性状、光合特性、产量及其构成因素均产生显著影响。与常规施肥相比，化肥减施会显著降低马铃薯块茎膨大期株高、茎粗、叶面积指数、干物质量以及叶片SPAD值、净光合速率等光合参数，进而导致产量下降。而在化肥减量条件下，配施生物菌肥有助于改善马铃薯植株生长状况，提高叶片光合效率，提升块茎产量。适宜呼伦贝尔市岭西地区马铃薯生产的化肥和生物菌肥施用技术方案为，在施用225 kg/hm²生物菌肥的基础上，减施20%~40%化肥。

Abstract

Scientific fertilization is of great significance for improving potato yield and promoting income increase of potato farmers. To formulate a fertilization scheme for reducing fertilizer application and increasing efficiency in potatoes, and help improve the quality and efficiency of the potato industry, 'Wotu 5' was used as the experimental material and five fertilization treatments were set up, including conventional fertilization (CK), 20% chemical fertilizer reduction (RF1), 20% chemical fertilizer reduction combined with bio-bacterial fertilizer (RF1+B), 40% chemical fertilizer reduction (RF2), and 40% chemical fertilizer reduction combined with bio-bacterial fertilizer (RF2 + B). The effects of chemical fertilizer reduction combined with bio-bacterial fertilizer on potato growth, photosynthetic characteristics, and yield were systematically studied. Different fertilization treatments had significant effects on potato agronomic traits, photosynthetic characteristics, yield and yield components. Compared with conventional fertilization, reduced chemical fertilizer application significantly decreased plant height, stem diameter, leaf area index (LAI), dry matter weight, and photosynthetic parameters such as SPAD value and net photosynthetic rate during the tuber bulking period, there by leading to yield decline. However, under the condition of chemical fertilizer reduction, combined with application of bio-fertilizer helped to improve the growth status of potato plants, enhance leaf photosynthetic efficiency, and increase tuber yield. The suitable application technical scheme of chemical fertilizer and bio-fertilizer for potato production in the Lingxi area of Hulunbuir City was to reduce 20%-40% chemical fertilizer based on the application of 225 kg/hm² bio-fertilizer.

关键词

马铃薯 / 化肥减量 / 生物菌肥 / 生长 / 光合 / 产量

Key words

potato / chemical fertilizer reduction / bio-fertilizer / growth / photosynthetic characteristic / yield

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基金资助

呼伦贝尔学院重点建设和特色培育学科建设专项项目(2023XKJS45)

呼伦贝尔学院博士基金项目(2021BS08)

呼伦贝尔学院博士基金项目(2021BS09)