等氮磷钾养分有机肥对马铃薯淀粉组分及质构特性的影响

Effect of Organic Fertilizer with Equivalent NPK Nutrients on Starch Composition and Textural Characteristics of Potatoes

摘要

优化种植以改良淀粉结构与其质构特性的构效关系，是当前马铃薯淀粉理化性质及品质基础理论研究的核心。研究采用裂区设计，主区为品种A：中晚熟品种‘米拉’（A1）和中熟品种‘冀张薯12号’（A2）；副区为施肥处理B：不施肥对照（B0）、有机肥（B1，13 500 kg/hm²）、等养分无机肥（B2）3组处理，测定淀粉组成、粒径及质构特性。与B0相比，B1、B2处理下A1的总淀粉含量显著增加12.91%、30.46%，A2总淀粉含量显著增加18.45%、30.60%。与B0相比，B1处理下A1和A2的淀粉D50显著增加10.55%和14.02%，B2处理下A1和A2的淀粉D50显著降低16.39%和9.44%。同时，A1的块茎硬度在B1、B2处理下分别比B0显著提高106.61%、142.47%，黏性分别提高85.77%、26.77%；A2的块茎硬度在B1、B2处理下分别比B0显著提高140.85%、153.70%，黏性分别提高291.04%、112.26%。综上，施用有机肥13 500 kg/hm²可改善马铃薯块茎淀粉组成和质地，优于等养分无机肥处理。

Abstract

Optimizing planting to improve the structure-activity relationship between starch structure and texture characteristics is the core of the current basic theoretical research on the physical and chemical properties and quality of potato starch. In this study, a split-plot design was used with varieties (mid-late maturing variety 'Mira' (A1) and mid-maturing variety 'Jizhangshu 12' (A2)) as the main plot and fertilization treatments (three treatments including no fertilization control (B0), organic fertilizer (B1 13 500 kg/ha), and inorganic fertilizer with equal nutrients (B2)) as the sub-plot. Starch composition, particle size, and textural properties were determined. Compared with B0, the total starch content of A1 increased significantly by 12.91% and 30.46% under B1 and B2 treatment, and the total starch content of A2 increased significantly by 18.45% and 30.60%, respectively. Compared with B0, the starch D50 of A1 and A2 under B1 treatment increased significantly by 10.55% and 14.02%, while the starch D50 of A1 and A2 under B2 treatment decreased significantly by 16.39% and 9.44%. At the same time, the hardness of tubers of A1 under treatments B1 and B2 were significantly increased by 106.61% and 142.47%, respectively, compared with B0, and the adhesiveness was increased by 85.77% and 26.77%, respectively; the hardness of tubers of A2 under treatments B1 and B2 were significantly increased by 140.85% and 153.70%, respectively, compared with B0, and the adhesiveness was increased by 291.04% and 112.26%, respectively. In conclusion, applying 13 500 kg/ha organic fertilizer could improve the starch composition and texture of potato tubers, outperforming equal-nutrient inorganic fertilizer treatment.

关键词

马铃薯 / 有机肥 / 淀粉 / 硬度 / 黏性

Key words

potato / organic fertilizer / starch / hardness / adhesiveness

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基金资助

县校合作项目（“巫溪洋芋”道地品牌固化品质生产关键技术合作开发）