马铃薯的主要病害及防治方法

Major Diseases and Control Strategies in Potato (Solanum tuberosum)

摘要

马铃薯是继水稻、小麦、玉米之后的世界第四大粮食作物，具有产量高、适应性强的优点，但常年受到晚疫病、早疫病、青枯病等多种病害侵染，影响品质的同时降低产量。文中详细阐述了马铃薯的主要病害及其特点，提出马铃薯的综合防治关键技术，即采用农业、生物及抗病育种等方法进行病害防控，并对未来病害防控方向和技术进行展望。通过文中提出的绿色防控方法可提升马铃薯病害综合防控技术水平，并对保障粮食安全和促进农业可持续发展具有积极意义。

Abstract

Potato is the world's fourth-largest food crop after rice, wheat, and maize. It is characterized by high yield and broad adaptability. However, it is susceptible to various diseases throughout the year, including late blight, early blight and bacterial wilt, which significantly reduce potato yield and quality. In this review, the main diseases and their characteristics of potato were described in detail, and the key technologies of integrated control of potato were put forward, that is, using agricultural, biological and disease-resistant breeding methods to prevent and control diseases, and the future direction and technology of disease prevention and control were prospected. Through the green prevention and control method proposed in this review, the integrated prevention and control technology level of potato diseases could be improved, and it is of positive significance to ensure food security and promote the sustainable development of agriculture.

关键词

马铃薯 / 农业防治 / 生物防治 / 抗病育种 / 绿色防控

Key words

potato / agricultural control / biocontrol / disease resistance breeding / green prevention and control

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基金资助

黄微孢真菌调控玉米耐盐碱机制研究（黑龙江省省属本科高校基本科研业务费）