不同储存条件下6个马铃薯品种糖苷生物碱和色度的分析与比较

Analysis and Comparison of Glycoalkaloids and Chromaticity of Six Potato Varieties under Different Storage Conditions

摘要

马铃薯在收获后可在光照下绿化并产生糖苷生物碱（Glycoalkaloids，SGAs），糖苷生物碱超过一定剂量可造成人体中毒反应，且造成严重的粮食浪费和经济损失。将甘肃省广泛种植的6个马铃薯品种（‘陇薯7号’ ‘陇薯6号’ ‘陇薯12号’ ‘陇薯10号’ ‘陇薯14号’ ‘LZ-111’）收获后，分别置于3种不同的储存条件下（4 ℃避光、遮荫处理、直射光照射），检测不同时间点（0，2，4，8，14 d）糖苷生物碱（SGAs）含量的变化，以及试验前后（0和14 d）各组样品色度的变化。色度检测结果显示，随着储存时间延长，马铃薯a^*值均降低，马铃薯表面出现不同程度绿化。糖苷生物碱（SGAs）测定结果表明，随着储存时间延长，α-卡茄碱和α-茄碱含量均呈上升趋势。不同储存条件下生成糖苷生物碱含量的排序为：直射光照射>遮荫处理>4 ℃避光。马铃薯绿化与光照强度有关，光照越强，绿化越明显。储存期间马铃薯糖苷生物碱含量与品种、储存条件与储存时间密切相关。

Abstract

Potatoes undergo greening and produce glycoalkaloids (SGAs) after harvest when exposed to light. SGAs exceeding a certain dosage can cause toxic reactions in the human body and result in serious food waste and economic losses. Six potato varieties ('Longshu 7', 'Longshu 6', 'Longshu 12', 'Longshu 10', 'Longshu 14', and 'LZ-111') widely cultivated in Gansu Province were collected fresh and stored under three different storage conditions (4 ℃ in an avoidance of sunlight, shade treatment, direct light treatment). The changes of SGAs content at different time points (0, 2, 4, 8, 14 days) and chrominance before and after the experiment (0 and 14 days) were detected. The colorimetric test results showed that with the extension of storage time, the a* value decreased, and the surface in potato appeared different degrees of greening. The results of SGAs indicate that the content of α-carsoline and α-solanine both showed an upward trend with the extension of storage time. The ranking of SGAs content is as follows: direct light treatment>shade treatment>4 ℃ in an avoidance of sunlight. Potato greening is related to light intensity. The stronger the light is, the more obvious the greening is. The content of SGAs in potato during storage is closely related to varieties, storage conditions and storage time.

关键词

马铃薯 / 储存条件 / α-卡茄碱 / α-茄碱 / 糖苷生物碱

Key words

potato / storage conditions / α-carsoline / α-solanine / glycoalkaloids

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基金资助

青海大学2024年度青年科研基金项目(2024-QYY-4)

青海大学医学院2022年度教育教学研究项目(qyjg202220)

2025年青海大学本科教育教学建设项目(SYSJ2025-44)