马铃薯渣有机肥对土壤结构及上海青品质的影响

Effects of Potato Residue Organic Fertilizer on Soil Structure and Shanghai Bok Choy Quality

摘要

马铃薯渣富含有机质和水分，易腐败变质，传统处置易导致环境污染。将其转化为有机肥是实现资源高效利用并缓解农业生态环境压力的有效途径。通过盆栽试验，研究不同比例马铃薯渣替代有机肥对土壤理化性质及上海青（Brassica rapa L. subsp. chinensis var. communis）生长及品质的影响，以确定最佳配比与肥效，为马铃薯渣的资源化利用提供理论依据。以马铃薯渣和有机肥不同的配比[有机肥∶马铃薯渣=1∶0（CK）、1∶1、1∶2、1∶3、0∶1]制备复合肥料，并加入生物炭和土壤。测定土壤干物质（Dry matter，DM）、全氮（Total nitrogen，TN）、全磷（Total phosphorus，TP）、全钾（Total potassium，TK）、有机质（Soil organic matter，SOM）的含量，同时测定上海青的农艺性状（包括株高、叶宽、叶面积、茎粗和根长）、叶绿素、可溶性糖（Soluble sugar，SS）、丙二醛（Malondialdehyde，MDA）含量以及超氧化物歧化酶（Superoxide dismutase，SOD）和过氧化氢酶（Catalase，CAT）活性。T2（有机肥∶马铃薯渣=1∶2）处理综合表现最优，全氮（TN）、全磷（TP）、全钾（TK）及有机质（SOM）含量较CK处理显著提高；采用制备的复合肥料进行种植试验，观察到T2处理上海青的株高、茎粗、叶绿素a、b和总叶绿素含量均最高，可溶性糖（SS）积累量为0.88 mg/g。此外，T2处理的上海青苗期的超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性较高，表明其抗氧化潜力较好。综上，研究结果表明，有机肥∶马铃薯渣=1∶2配比可促进作物生长及抗逆性，为实现农业废弃物资源化利用与绿色农业提供可行途径。

Abstract

Potato pulp, rich in organic matter and moisture, is prone to spoilage, and its traditional disposal often causes environmental pollution. Converting it into organic fertilizer is an effective approach for high-value resource utilization and alleviating pressure on the agricultural ecological environment. The effects of different potato pulp-to-organic fertilizer ratios on soil physicochemical properties as well as the growth and quality of Shanghai bok choy (Brassica rapa L. subsp. chinensis var. communis) were investigated through pot experiments in this study. The optimal ratio and fertilizer efficacy were targeted to be determined, and a theoretical basis for the resource utilization of potato pulp was expected to be provided. Composite fertilizers were prepared using varying ratios of potato pulp and organic fertiliser (organic fertilizer∶potato pulp=1∶0 (CK), 1∶1, 1∶2, 1∶3, 0∶1), with the addition of biochar and soil. Soil dry matter (DM), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), total potassium (TK), and soil organic matter (SOM) content were measured. Additionally, agronomic traits of Shanghai bok choy (including plant height, leaf width, leaf area, stem diameter and root length), chlorophyll content, soluble sugar (SS) content, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities were measured. The treatment T2 (organic fertilizer∶potato pulp=1∶2) exhibited the most favorable overall performance, with significantly increased TN, TP, TK, and SOM content compared with CK. Planting experiments using the prepared compound fertilizer revealed that T2-treated Shanghai bok choy showed the highest plant height, stem diameter, chlorophyll a, b, and total chlorophyll content, with soluble sugar accumulation reaching 0.88 mg/g. Additionally, T2-treated seedlings demonstrated higher SOD activity during the seedling stage, indicating superior antioxidant potential. In summary, this study demonstrates that a ratio of organic fertilizer∶potato pulp=1∶2 could effectively promotes crop growth, and enhances stress resistance, providing a viable pathway for agricultural waste resource utilization and green agriculture.

关键词

马铃薯渣 / 土壤特性 / 作物种植 / 作物品质 / 资源化利用

Key words

potato pulp / soil property / crop cultivation / crop quality / resource utilization

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基金资助

中央引导地方科技发展资金项目(YDZD2023029)

农业农村部、财政部国家马铃薯产业技术体系(CARS-09-P29)

东西部科技协作专项(23CXNJ0013)

甘肃省现代农业薯类产业技术体系(GSARS-05)