农田杂草防除中生物除草剂研发与应用

Development and Application of Bioherbicides in Farmland Weed Management

摘要

生物除草剂作为替代传统化学除草剂、实现农田杂草绿色防除的核心技术，其研发与应用对农业可持续发展具有重要意义。文中系统梳理了2024年以来生物除草剂在菌株筛选、活性物质开发、作用机制解析等方面的研究进展，分析了当前在产业化、环境适应性及作用机制研究中存在的问题并展望了未来重点研究方向。结果表明生物除草剂研究已初步构建多类群菌株资源库，明确了微生物源与植物源活性物质的核心作用通路，并通过制剂工艺创新有效提升了产品稳定性。然而，在规模化生产、复杂环境适应性及分子机制系统性解析等方面仍需持续攻关。

Abstract

As a core technology to replace traditional chemical herbicides and achieve green weed control in farmland, the research, development and application of bioherbicides are significant for the sustainable development of agricultural ecology. Based on the relevant research results since 2024 (including strain screening, active substance development, and analysis of action mechanism), the research progress in bioherbicides was systematically reviewed, and the current limitations in industrial-scale production, environmental adaptability, and mechanism research were analyzed. Also, future research directions were proposed. The results indicate that a multi-taxon strain resource library for bio-herbicides has been preliminarily established, the core action pathways of microbial-derived and plant-derived active substances have been clarified, and product stability has been effectively enhanced through innovations in formulation technology. However, further efforts are needed in large-scale production, adaptability to complex environments, and comprehensive understanding of molecular mechanisms.

关键词

生物除草剂 / 菌株筛选 / 活性物质 / 作用机制 / 农田杂草防除

Key words

bioherbicide / strain screening / active substance / mechanism of action / farmland weed control

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基金资助

现代农业产业技术体系专项资金资助(CARS-09)

湖北省农业科技创新中心创新团队项目(2016-620-000-001-061)