喷施表油菜素内酯对减施基肥马铃薯生理和产量的影响

Effects of Spraying Brassinolide on the Physiology and Yield of Potato with Reduced Basal Fertilizer Application

摘要

降低农田化肥施用量，是现代农业可持续发展的重要一环。探究基肥减量条件下喷施不同浓度表油菜素内酯（2,4-epibrassinolide，EBR）对马铃薯生理和产量的影响，以期为激素调控提高马铃薯产量提供技术参考。以马铃薯品种‘东农310’为试验材料，田间试验采用随机区组方法，设置常规基肥（T1）、基肥减量50%（T2）、基肥减量50%+喷施0.02 mg/L EBR（T3）、基肥减量50%+喷施0.1 mg/L EBR（T4）4个处理，在马铃薯块茎形成前期（7月1日）喷施1次，7月8日补喷1次不同浓度EBR，并于块茎形成前期、块茎形成后期、块茎膨大期和淀粉积累期测样，测定植株株高、茎粗、叶绿素相对含量、光合参数、荧光动力学参数、冠层覆盖度，于成熟期测定产量，收获块茎测淀粉含量。在基肥减量条件下，喷施表油菜素内酯能够促进马铃薯生长和提高产量。在块茎形成后期，与T2比较，T3处理可以提高马铃薯株高、茎粗、Pn、Fv/Fm、IK、淀粉含量；T4处理可以提高马铃薯SPAD值、Tr、Gs、冠层覆盖度、qP。喷施不同浓度EBR对减肥处理下马铃薯块茎产量有显著影响，T3、T4处理较T2产量提高29.32%、20.53%。单株结薯数以T3处理最高，T1其次，T1、T3处理较T2提高33.62%、37.75%。商品薯率T1、T4较T2提高14.53%、16.07%。根据主成分分析可得，马铃薯在T1~T4不同处理下的综合得分分别为：3.911、1.175、2.462、2.458，综合得分排名依次为T1 > T3 > T4 > T2。综上所述，在基肥减量50%处理下块茎形成前期喷施（7月1日）喷施1次，7月8日补喷1次EBR可提高块茎淀粉含量和产量，且喷施0.02 mg/L EBR对于促进马铃薯生长和提高产量作用较佳。

Abstract

Reducing the application of chemical fertilizers in farmland is a crucial aspect of sustainable modern agriculture. This study was to investigate the effects of spraying different concentrations of 2,4-epibrassinolide (EBR) on the physiology and yield of potatoes under reduced basal fertilizer conditions, aiming to provide technical references for hormone regulation to enhance potato yield. Using the potato variety 'Dongnong 310' as the experimental material, a field trial was conducted using a randomized block design with four treatments: conventional basal fertilizer (T1), 50% reduced basal fertilizer (T2), 50% reduced basal fertilizer + spraying 0.02 mg/L EBR (T3), and 50% reduced basal fertilizer + spraying 0.1 mg/L EBR (T4). EBR was sprayed once at the early tuber formation stage (July 1st) and supplemented once more on July 8th. Measurements of plant height, stem diameter, relative chlorophyll content, photosynthetic parameters, chlorophyll fluorescence kinetics parameters, and canopy coverage were taken during the early tuber formation, late tuber formation, tuber bulking, and starch accumulation stages. Yield was determined at maturity, and starch content was measured in harvested tubers. Under reduced basal fertilizer conditions, spraying EBR promoted potato growth and increased yield. In the late tuber formation stage, compared to T2, the T3 treatment improved potato plant height, stem diameter, Pn, Fv/Fm, IK, and starch content. The T4 treatment increased SPAD values, Tr, Gs, canopy coverage, and qP. Spraying different concentrations of EBR significantly affected tuber yield under reduced fertilizer conditions, with T3 and T4 treatments increasing yield by 29.32% and 20.53%, respectively, compared to T2. The number of tubers per plant was highest in T3, followed by T1. T1 and T3 treatments increased the number of tubers per plant by 33.62% and 37.75%, respectively, compared to T2. The marketable tuber percentage was 14.53% and 16.07% higher in T1 and T4, respectively, than in T2. Principal component analysis showed that the comprehensive scores for potatoes under T1 to T4 treatments were 3.911, 1.175, 2.462, and 2.458, respectively, with the ranking order being T1 > T3 > T4 > T2. In conclusion, under 50% reduced basal fertilizer conditions, spraying EBR once at the early tuber formation stage (July 1st) and supplementing once on July 8th could enhance tuber starch content and yield. Spraying 0.02 mg/L EBR demonstrates a better effect on promoting potato growth and improving yield.

关键词

马铃薯 / 基肥减量 / 表油菜素内酯 / 光合作用 / 产量

Key words

potato / basal fertilizer reduction / 2,4-epibrassinolide / photosynthesis / yield

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基金资助

现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-09)