气候、土壤驱动下施肥方式对马铃薯商品薯率的影响——基于Meta分析

Impact of Fertilization Practices on Marketable Tuber Percentage Driven by Climate and Soil: A Meta-Analysis

摘要

商品薯率是衡量生产效益的重要指标，可通过科学施肥进行提升。通过整合分析国内外现有相关研究结果，探讨不同施肥方式对马铃薯商品薯率的影响，为马铃薯科学施肥、提高生产效益、促进种植业可持续发展提供一定的参考依据。基于中国知网、万方数据库、Web of Science数据库，以“马铃薯” “商品薯率” “化肥” “有机肥”为关键词检索已公开发表的国内外相关文献，筛选出103篇813组试验数据。以不施肥为对照，不同施肥方式为试验组，通过Meta分析方法定量整合分析不同肥料种类、气候条件和土壤性质下施肥方式对马铃薯商品薯率的影响。不同施肥均能显著（P<0.05）提高马铃薯商品薯率，其中粪肥配施无机肥增幅最大。当年均气温<6 ℃、年均降水量200~400 mm时，有机无机肥配施可以显著（P<0.05）提升马铃薯商品薯率；当土壤pH<5.5、土壤有机质14~24 g/kg 时，配施对马铃薯商品薯率的提高幅度最大。单施有机肥处理下，粪肥对马铃薯商品薯率增幅最大，且在年均气温<6 ℃、年均降水量200~400 mm时效益最明显；单施无机肥处理下，氮磷钾肥对马铃薯商品薯率增幅最大，且当土壤pH<5.5、土壤有机质<14 g/kg时增幅显著。因此，在大部分区域，粪肥配施无机肥能保证马铃薯商品薯率最大化；在年均气温较低且土壤有机质水平较低的半干旱地区，应侧重以粪肥为来源的有机肥配施措施；在土壤pH<5.5且有机质水平较低的区域，采用单施氮磷钾肥的方式能有效提高马铃薯商品薯率。

Abstract

The marketable tuber percentage as an important indicator for evaluating production efficiency in potato cultivation can be improved and enhanced through scientific fertilization management. Through integrated analysis of existing domestic and international research findings, this study explored the impact of different fertilization methods on the marketable tuber percentage, aiming to provide reference for scientifically applying fertilizers, enhancing production efficiency, and promoting sustainable development in potato cultivation. By collecting publicly available literature from databases including CNKI, Wanfang Data, and Web of Science using keywords like "potato", "marketable tuber percentage", "chemical fertilizer", and "organic fertilizer", a total of 103 publications and 813 sets of experimental data were selected. Using no fertilization as the control and different fertilization treatments as experimental groups, a meta-analysis was employed to quantitatively integrate the effects of fertilization methods on the marketable tuber percentage under various fertilizer types, climatic conditions, and soil properties. All fertilization treatments significantly (P<0.05) increased the marketable tuber percentage, with the combination of manure and chemical fertilizers showing the greatest increase. Under conditions where the mean annual temperature was <6 ℃ and annual precipitation was 200-400 mm, the combined application of organic and chemical fertilizers resulted in significant (P<0.05) increase in the marketable tuber percentage. The greatest improvement from combined fertilization also occurred when soil pH was <5.5 and soil organic matter content was 14-24 g/kg. Under sole organic fertilizer application, manure produced the greatest increase in the marketable tuber percentage, with the most pronounced benefits observed at mean annual temperatures <6 ℃ and precipitation of 200-400 mm. Under sole chemical fertilizer application, NPK fertilizer yielded the highest increase in the marketable tuber percentage, particularly when soil pH was <5.5 and soil organic matter was <14 g/kg. Therefore, in most regions, the combination of manure and chemical fertilizers ensures the maximization of the marketable tuber percentage. In semi-arid regions with lower mean annual temperatures and lower soil organic matter levels, emphasis should be placed on combined fertilization practices using manure as the organic source. In the region with soil pH <5.5 and low organic matter levels, the application of NPK fertilizer alone could effectively increase the marketable tuber percentage.

关键词

马铃薯 / 商品薯率 / 施肥方式 / Meta分析

Key words

potato / marketable tuber percentage / fertilization practice / meta-analysis

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基金资助

国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFD2302100)

国家自然科学基金项目(32372236)