马铃薯淀粉颗粒形成及相关基因表达差异分析

Analysis of Potato Starch Granule Formation and Differential Expression of Related Genes

摘要

马铃薯淀粉颗粒粒径大小会影响淀粉理化特性，进而影响加工用途。淀粉颗粒的结构和性质受发育过程中淀粉合成相关酶基因表达量的影响。为探究马铃薯淀粉颗粒形成与淀粉合成相关基因的关系，以6个马铃薯品种（‘大西洋’ ‘东农312’ ‘东农317’ ‘龙薯12’ ‘龙薯14’ ‘克新28’）为试验材料，采用电子显微镜观察不同生育时期（出苗后40、50、60、70、80和90 d）块茎淀粉颗粒形态大小变化，并测定淀粉粒径大小与淀粉合成相关基因（ISAI、ISAII、AATP、Pho1a）表达量。随着生育进程推进，淀粉颗粒呈逐渐增大趋势、但仍以小颗粒淀粉为主，淀粉粒径峰值出现在10~30 μm。生育期间块茎淀粉合成相关基因ISAI、AATP、Pho1a表达量呈先增加后降低的变化特点，除‘龙薯14’ISAII基因表达量不断增加，‘克新28’呈波动式变化外，其余品种ISAII基因表达量均呈先增加后降低的变化特点。其表达模式主要为前期高表达型，有利于淀粉颗粒形成。ISAI和ISAII基因表达量与微小淀粉（<18 μm）呈显著负相关，与大淀粉（>30 μm）颗粒呈显著正相关；Pho1a基因表达量与小淀粉颗粒（18~24 μm）呈显著正相关。各基因间存在一定的协同作用：ISAI 和ISAII 基因呈极显著正相关，AATP 和Pho1a基因间呈显著正相关。研究结果初步揭示了不同品种马铃薯淀粉颗粒形成及其与淀粉合成相关基因表达关系。

Abstract

The particle size of potato starch granules can affect the physicochemical properties of the starch, and consequently its processing applications. The structure and properties of the starch granules are greatly influenced by the expression levels of enzyme genes related to starch synthesis during development. To investigate the relationship between potato starch granule formation and genes associated with starch synthesis, using six potato varieties ('Atlantic', 'Dongnong 312', 'Dongnong 317', 'Longshu 12', 'Longshu 14', and 'Kexin 28') as experimental materials, electron microscopy was employed to observe changes in starch granule morphology and size at different growth stages (40, 50, 60, 70, 80, and 90 days after emergence) and starch granule size and the expression levels of starch synthesis-related genes (ISAI, ISAII, AATP, and Pho1a) were measured. Starch granules progressively enlarged with growth progression, though small granules remained predominant, with a size distribution peak between 10-30 μm. During the tuber starch synthesis period, the expression levels of genes related to starch synthesis, ISAI, AATP, and Pho1a, showed a pattern of first increasing and then decreasing. Except for the 'Longshu 14' ISAII, whose expression continuously increased, and 'Kexin 28', which showed fluctuating changes, ISAII expression levels in other varieties also exhibited a pattern of first increasing and then decreasing. Their expression pattern was mainly high expression in the early stage, which is conducive to starch granule formation. The expression levels of ISAI and ISAII were significantly negatively correlated with small starch granules (<18 μm), but significantly positively correlated with large starch granules (>30 μm). Pho1a expression exhibited a significant positive correlation with small starch particles (18-24 μm). A certain synergistic effect between the genes was found. ISAI and ISAII showed a highly significant positive correlation, while AATP and Pho1a exhibited a significant positive correlation. This study preliminarily elucidates the relationship between starch granule formation and the expression of starch synthesis-related genes in different potato varieties.

关键词

马铃薯 / 淀粉颗粒 / 粒径分布 / 淀粉合成相关基因

Key words

potato / starch granule / particle size distribution / starch synthesis-related genes

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基金资助

现代农业产业技术体系专项资金(CARS-09)