马铃薯植株性状随时间变化规律及与产量性状的相关性分析

Analysis on Temporal Variation of Potato Plant Traits and Their Correlation with Yield Traits

摘要

研究拟通过分析马铃薯植株性状与产量性状的相关性，通过分析易于获取的植株形态和生理指标与最终产量之间的关联，建立有效的产量估算模型。以马铃薯品种‘延薯4号’为供试品种，田间采样使用连续整株挖掘方式，对样品植株各器官（叶片、茎、根和块茎）进行归类分拣并测定相关性状值，然后对样品进行烘干称重并计算各器官的干物质含量，根据获得的数据分析植株各性状随时间变化规律及其与产量性状相关性。马铃薯不同器官性状变化规律与时间变化的相关性较好，R²值均大于0.7，叶片、茎部和根部各数据的理论生理最高值出现的平均时间分别在播种后74.69，76.70和77.91 d。试验同时确定了与块茎鲜重、干重和干物质含量具有相关性的其他植株性状，并建立了相应的函数方程，但未获得植株性状与马铃薯结薯数量具有相关性的植株性状。上述的函数方程为未来通过马铃薯植株性状（干重及干物质含量）计算判定产量性状中的鲜重、干重和干物质含量提供理论支持，并进一步指导实际农业生产。

Abstract

This study aims to establish an effective yield estimation model by analyzing the correlation between plant traits and yield traits in potatoes, specifically examining the relationship between readily obtainable morphological and physiological indicators and final yield. The potato variety 'Yanshu 4' was planted as the test material, and continuous whole-plant excavation was used for field sampling. The various organs (leaves, stems, roots, and tubers) of the sample plants were separated and sorted, and the correlation parameters were measured. Then, the samples were dried and weighed to determine the dry matter content of each organ. Based on the data obtained, the temporal variation trends of plant traits and their correlations with yield traits were analyzed. There was a high correlation between the changes in organ traits of potatoes and temporal changes, with R² values all above 0.7. The average times for the theoretical physiological maxima of leaves, stems, and roots to appear were 74.69, 76.70, and 77.91 days after sowing, respectively. The experiment also identified additional plant traits correlated with the fresh weight, dry weight, and dry matter content of tubers, and established corresponding regression equations. However, no plant traits correlated with the number of potato tubers were obtained. The above function equation provides theoretical support for future calculation and determination of yield traits—such as fresh weight, dry weight, and dry matter content—based on potato plant traits (dry weight and dry matter content), thereby further guiding practical agricultural production.

关键词

马铃薯 / 植株性状 / 产量性状 / 相关性 / 变形值

Key words

potato / plant trait / yield trait / correlation / converted value

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基金资助

黑龙江省自然科学基金项目(LH2023C005)

黑龙江省自然科学基金项目(LH2021C084)

黑龙江省马铃薯产业技术协同创新推广体系