桂南冬闲水田马铃薯品种对比筛选试验

Comparison and Screening Experiment of Potato Varieties in Winter Fallow Paddy Fields in Southern Guangxi

摘要

博白县是桂南冬种马铃薯主产区。为筛选适合桂南冬闲水田种植的高产、抗逆马铃薯品种，推动区域马铃薯产业提质增效，在广西壮族自治区博白县农业科学研究所科研基地开展8个马铃薯品种的对比筛选试验。通过系统测定物候期、形态特征、田间性状、块茎性状、产量、干物质含量及生理缺陷指标，结合方差分析进行评价，发现‘中薯31’产量最高（62 809 kg/hm²），较对照‘荷兰15’增产109.26%，干物质含量达19.008%，综合表现最优；‘沃土5号’产量居次（51 544 kg/hm²），增产71.72%，且无二次生长、裂薯和空心现象，商品性突出；‘闽薯1号’‘北方001’‘中薯566’‘中薯早39’产量亦高于对照‘荷兰15’，但差异不显著，且存在一定生理缺陷。‘青薯9号’产量略低于对照，不适宜当地推广。该研究筛选出的‘中薯31’‘沃土5号’可作为桂南冬闲水田优先推广品种。

Abstract

Bobai County is a major winter potato production area in southern Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. To screen for high-yielding and stress-tolerant potato varieties suitable for planting in winter fallow paddy fields in southern Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, and to promote the improvement of quality and efficiency in the regional potato industry, a comparative screening experiment involving eight potato varieties was conducted at the scientific research base of the Bobai Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. Phenological periods, morphological characteristics, agronomic traits, tuber traits, yield, dry matter content, and physiological disorders were systematically investigated, and evaluation was performed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). It was found that 'Zhongshu 31' had the highest yield (62 809 kg/ha), which was 109.26% higher than that of the control variety 'Helan 15', with a dry matter content of 19.008%, showing the best comprehensive performance. 'Wotu 5' ranked second in yield (51 544 kg/ha), with a yield increase of 71.72% compared with the control, and no secondary growth, tuber cracking or hollow heart, exhibiting strong marketability. 'Minshu 1', 'Beifang 001', 'Zhongshu 566', and 'Zhongshuzao 39' also had higher yields than the control 'Helan 15', but the differences were not significant, and certain physiological defects were observed. The yield of 'Qingshu 9' was slightly lower than that of the control, rendering it unsuitable for local popularization. The selected varieties 'Zhongshu 31' and 'Wotu 5' could be prioritized for popularization in winter fallow paddy fields of southern Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.

关键词

桂南 / 冬闲水田 / 马铃薯 / 品比试验 / 产量

Key words

Southern Guangxi / winter fallow paddy field / potato / comparative experiment / yield

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基金资助

科技先锋队“强农富民”“六个一”专项行动”水稻产业科技先锋队(桂农科盟202501-06)

广西壮族自治区农业科学院/广西壮族自治区农业农村厅（广西特色作物试验站项目）(TS202604)

玉林市科学研究与技术开发计划项目(玉市科201912014)