12个马铃薯种质材料的染色体核型分析
桑乐飞 , 贾明飞 , 张淑青 , 曹超凡 , 王雅宁 , 田再民 , 韩红艳 , 张宏宇
中国马铃薯 ›› 2025, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (6) : 410 -418.
12个马铃薯种质材料的染色体核型分析
Karyotype Analysis of 12 Potato Germplasm Materials
马铃薯作为全球重要的粮食作物,其野生种与栽培种丰富的遗传多样性为育种研究提供了宝贵的基因资源。为明确马铃薯野生种和栽培种的染色体数目、核型特征与亲缘关系,分析马铃薯野生种与栽培种的染色体遗传多样性,以马铃薯野生种和栽培种为试验材料,利用根尖压片的方法对其染色体进行核型分析。12个马铃薯种质材料中存在二倍体(2n=2x=24)和四倍体(2n=4x=48)两种倍性,其中‘1886-71Y’ ‘T8Y’ ‘2014-89-61’ ‘2011-5-21’以及‘2014-89-47’为二倍体,其余为四倍体。核型类型中仅‘陇薯309’为2A型,其余均为2B型。染色体均由中部着丝粒和近中部着丝粒构成,核型不对称系数为55.59%~64.28%,平均臂比为1.33~1.77。核型进化趋势分析表明,‘希森6号’的进化程度最高,‘2011-5-21’最低。在遗传距离为17处,可以将12个马铃薯种质材料划分为3类。该研究系统阐明马铃薯野生种与栽培种的染色体核型差异及进化关系,进一步为马铃薯分子育种实践及遗传多样性分析提供重要的理论依据。
Potato, as a globally significant food crop, possesses rich genetic diversity in both its wild species and cultivated varieties, providing invaluable genetic resources for breeding research. This study aimed to clarify the chromosome numbers, karyotype characteristics, and genetic relationships between wild and cultivated potato species and analyze the chromosomal genetic diversity of wild and cultivated potato species. In this study, wild and cultivated potato species were used as materials, and the karyotype analysis of their chromosomes was carried out by the root-tip squashing method. The 12 potato germplasm materials included two ploidy levels: diploid (2n=2x=24) and tetraploid (2n=4x=48). '1886-71Y', 'T8Y', '2014-89-61', '2011-5-21', and '2014-89-47' were diploids, while the rest were tetraploids. For karyotype types, only 'Longshu 309' was type 2A, and the others were of the 2B type. All chromosomes were composed of metacentric and submetacentric chromosomes. The karyotype asymmetry coefficient ranged from 55.59% to 64.28%, and the average arm ratio was between 1.33 and 1.77. The karyotype evolution analysis trend indicated that 'Xisen 6' had the highest degree of evolution, while '2011-5-21' had the lowest. At a genetic distance of 17, the 12 potato germplasm materials were divided into three categories. This study systematically elucidates the chromosomal karyotype differences and evolutionary relationships between wild and cultivated potato species and provides an important theoretical basis for potato molecular breeding practice and genetic diversity analysis.
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河北北方学院博士基金(BSJJ202428)
河北北方学院校级课题(XJ2023019)
河北省现代农业产业技术体系薯类创新团队(HBCT2018080201)
早熟优质抗病马铃薯育种技术创新及应用(232490042A)
河北北方学院大学生创新创业训练计划项目(S202510092025)
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