马铃薯新品种‘北方016’的选育及高产高效配套栽培技术

Breeding of a New Potato Variety 'Beifang 016' and Its High-yield and High-efficiency Supporting Cultivation Techniques

摘要

为满足市场对鲜食加工兼用型马铃薯的需求，适配华北寒旱区雨养农业生态条件，开展马铃薯新品种选育及配套高产高效栽培技术研究。以晚熟鲜食材料‘90-2-10’为母本、中熟鲜食材料‘Manet’为父本，经常规杂交、多代筛选及多点鉴定，育成新品种‘北方016’。该品种生育期90 d，株型直立，块茎长椭圆形、淡黄皮白肉、芽眼浅，干物质含量24.07 g/100 g，还原糖含量0.09 g/100 g；高抗早疫病，中抗马铃薯X病毒和马铃薯Y病毒，高感晚疫病。2018—2019年区域试验平均产量45 760 kg/hm²，较对照‘克新1号’ ‘大西洋’ ‘夏坡蒂’分别增产28.42%、45.66%、34.52%，丰产性突出。为挖掘其增产潜力，采用底肥有机肥（A）、覆膜（B）、起垄方式（C）三因素三水平正交试验，设置9个处理组合。最优栽培模式为A2B2C3（底肥有机肥30 000 kg/hm²、黑白双色膜覆盖、单垄双行种植），该组合下出苗率98.33%、单株薯数9.26 个、单株薯重1.04 kg、商品薯率93.50%、淀粉含量18.47 g/100 g，产量达59 460 kg/hm²，实现高产与优质协同提升。该研究为‘北方016’的规模化推广应用提供了品种支撑与技术保障。

Abstract

This study focused on the breeding of a new potato variety and the optimization of its high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation techniques in order to meet the market demand for potato varieties suitable for both fresh consumption and processing, and adapt to the ecological conditions of rain-fed agriculture in the North China cold and arid region. The new variety 'Beifang 016' was bred through conventional hybridization, multi-generational selection, and multi-location identification, with the late-maturing fresh consumption material '90-2-10' as the female parent and the mid-maturing fresh consumption variety 'Manet' as the male parent. The variety has a growth period of 90 days, an upright plant type, oblong tubers with pale yellow skin and white flesh, and shallow eyes. Its dry matter content is 24.07 g/100 g, and reducing sugar content is 0.09 g/100 g. It is highly resistant to early blight, moderately resistant to potato virus X (PVX) and potato virus Y (PVY), but highly susceptible to late blight. Regional trials from 2018 to 2019 showed that the average yield was 45 760 kg/ha, increasing by 28.42%, 45.66%, and 34.52% compared with the controls 'Kexin 1', 'Atlantic', and 'Shepody', respectively, showing excellent yield potential. To explore its yield-increasing potential, a three-factor and three-level orthogonal experiment was conducted, including base fertilizer organic manure (A), plastic film mulching (B), and ridging method (C), with 9 treatment combinations. The results indicated that the optimal cultivation mode was A2B2C3, i.e., base fertilizer of 30 000 kg/ha organic manure, covered with black-white bicolor film, and planted in single ridge with double rows. Under this combination, the emergence percentage was 98.33%; the number of tubers per plant was 9.26; the yield of tubers per plant was 1.04 kg; the marketable tuber percentage was 93.50%; the starch content was 18.47 g/100 g; and the yield reached 59 460 kg/ha, achieving the coordinated improvement of high yield and good quality. This study would provide variety support and technical guarantee for the large-scale popularization and application of 'Beifang 016'.

关键词

马铃薯 / 北方016 / 品种选育 / 配套栽培技术 / 产量 / 品质

Key words

potato / Beifang 016 / variety breeding / supporting cultivation technique / yield / quality

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基金资助

河北省农业科技成果转化资金项目(2025JNZ-S23)

国家马铃薯产业技术体系项目(CARS-09)

河北省创新创业训练计划项目(S202510092032)

河北省高等学校科学技术研究项目(QN2023160)