不同密度栽培对马铃薯商品薯率和经济效益的影响

Effects of Different Planting Densities on Marketable Tuber Percentage and Economic Benefit of Potato

摘要

栽培密度是影响马铃薯产量形成、商品薯率和经济效益的重要调控因子。明确黑龙江省商品薯生产的适宜密度，对提升区域马铃薯生产效益具有现实意义。为明确黑龙江省马铃薯商品薯生产的适宜栽培密度，以‘尤金’为试验材料，于2024年设置31 746、37 037、44 444和55 556株/hm² 4个密度处理，分析不同密度对植株生长、结薯性状、产量、商品薯率及经济效益的影响。随着栽培密度增加，株高和叶面积指数总体上升，单株主茎数和平均单薯重下降；单株结薯数、产量和商品薯产值均呈先升后降趋势。44 444株/hm²处理产量最高，为40 088 kg/hm²，商品薯产量、净收益和投入产出比也分别达到34 396 kg/hm²、57 800.0元/hm²和3.34，综合表现最好。说明适度增密有利于协调群体生长、商品薯率和经济效益，44 444株/hm²可作为黑龙江省黑土区马铃薯品种‘尤金’商品薯生产的适宜栽培密度。

Abstract

Planting density is an important agronomic factor affecting yield formation, marketable tuber percentage and economic benefit of potato. Identifying an appropriate density is of practical significance for improving marketable tuber production in Heilongjiang Province. A field experiment was conducted in 2024 to determine a suitable planting density for marketable tuber production in Heilongjiang Province using the cultivar variety 'Youjin' as the plant material. Four density treatments, 31 746, 37 037, 44 444 and 55 556 plants/ha, were established to evaluate plant growth, tuber-setting traits, yield, marketable tuber percentage and economic benefit. Plant height and leaf area index generally increased with increasing density, whereas main stems per plant and mean tuber weight decreased. Tuber number per plant, yield and output value of marketable tubers increased first and then declined. The treatment, 44 444 plants/ha, produced the highest yield of 40 088 kg/ha, with marketable tuber yield, net benefit and input-output ratio reaching 34 396 kg/ha, 57 800.0 Yuan/ha and 3.34, respectively. These results indicate that a moderate increase in planting density helps coordinate population growth, marketable tuber percentage and economic benefit. Therefore, 44 444 plants/ha could be recommended as the suitable planting density of the potato variety 'Youjin' for marketable tuber production in the black soil region of Heilongjiang Province.

关键词

马铃薯 / 栽培密度 / 商品薯率 / 经济效益

Key words

potato / planting density / marketable tuber percentage / economic benefit

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