优质菜用型马铃薯新品种‘闽龙薯1号’的选育及关键特性分析

Breeding and Key Trait Analysis of a High-quality Table Potato Variety 'Minlongshu 1'

摘要

为选育适宜福建省冬作区兼顾优质、高产与商品性的马铃薯新品种，以‘C146’为母本、‘72’（引）为父本，通过有性杂交，经多代系谱选择与鉴定，育成优质菜用型马铃薯新品种‘闽龙薯1号’。2023年通过农业农村部非主要农作物品种登记，登记编号为GPD马铃薯（2023）350107。品比试验中，该品种鲜薯产量达2 496 kg/667m²，较对照‘费乌瑞它’增产13.6%（P<0.05）；两年福建省区域试验平均产量与对照持平，但龙岩市试点增产达52.7%，显示其特定环境下的高产潜力。该品种生育期91 d，属中晚熟类型，块茎椭圆形，薯皮黄色，薯肉淡黄色，薯皮光滑，芽眼浅，商品薯率84.8%，薯形整齐度显著优于对照。干物率20.0%，较对照高1.4百分点；蒸煮食味香、甜，粗蛋白含量3.09%，还原糖含量0.44%，维生素C含量43.1 mg/100g，品质性状优良。抗病性鉴定表明，‘闽龙薯1号’中抗早疫病、中感晚疫病，感马铃薯X病毒（Potato virus X，PVX）病，中抗马铃薯Y病毒（Potato virus Y，PVY）病。该品种在福建省冬作区及相似生态区域具有广阔的市场应用前景。

Abstract

'Minlongshu 1' was developed through sexual hybridization between female parent 'C146' and male parent '72' (Yin), followed by multiple generations of pedigree selection and evaluation in order to develop a new potato variety suitable for winter cropping in Fujian Province with high quality, high yield, and excellent commercial traits. In 2023, it was registered as a non-major crop variety by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs with the registered number GPD potato (2023) 350107. In the variety comparison trial, its fresh tuber yield reached 2 496 kg/667m², representing a 13.6% increase over the control variety 'Favorita' (CK). While the average yield across two years of provincial regional trials was comparable to that of the control, a 52.7% yield increase was observed at the Longyan trial site, demonstrating its significant yield potential under specific environmental conditions. 'Minlongshu 1' is a medium-late maturing variety with a 91 days growth period. The tubers are oval in shape, with yellow skin, light yellow flesh, smooth skin, and very shallow eyes. The marketable tuber percentage was 84.8%, and tuber shape uniformity was significantly better than that of the control. The dry matter content was 20.0%, being 1.4 percentage points higher than that of the control. It exhibited excellent eating quality, with a sweet taste upon cooking. Its tubers contained 3.09% crude protein, 0.44% reducing sugar, and 43.1 mg per 100 g of vitamin C. Disease resistance evaluations showed moderate resistance to early blight, moderate susceptibility to late blight, susceptibility to potato virus X, and moderate resistance to potato virus Y. 'Minlongshu 1' demonstrates broad market potential for Fujian's winter cropping regions and similar ecological zones.

关键词

马铃薯 / 闽龙薯1号 / 中晚熟 / 选育

Key words

potato / Minlongshu 1 / medium-maturing / breeding

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基金资助

福建省星火计划项目(2024S0054)

国家马铃薯产业技术体系(CARS-09-ES11)