不同品种（系）马铃薯叶片光合机构对遮阴的响应

Response of Photosynthetic Apparatus in Different Potato Varieties (Lines) to Shading

摘要

针对25个马铃薯品种（系）在块茎膨大期进行了为期3周的75%遮阴处理，通过分析叶片快速叶绿素荧光诱导动力学特性，研究了马铃薯对弱光胁迫的光合响应机制，并结合主成分分析与隶属函数法对供试材料的耐阴性进行综合评价。遮阴显著降低了各品种（系）的SPAD值和产量（‘鄂马铃薯2号’除外），增加了株高，同时提高了叶片的最大光化学效率（F_v/F_m）和光合性能指数（PI_abs）。遮阴条件下，大部分试验材料PSII受体侧的电子传递体（S_m）数量和Q_A的还原速度（M_o）无显著变化。同时，Q_A传递电子的能力增强，表现为2 ms时有活性的反应中心开放程度（ψ_o）的增加。尽管遮阴导致大部分马铃薯叶片单位面积内活跃的PSII反应中心数量（RC/CS）减少，但单位面积吸收的光能（ABS/RC）保持稳定，捕获的光能（TR_o/CS）表现出品种（系）间差异，而用于电子传递的能量（ET_o/CS）却有所上升，这些变化有利于马铃薯在弱光环境下维持叶片光合电子传递效率，是马铃薯对弱光胁迫的适应性反应。基于SPAD值、产量、株高、F_v/F_m、PI_abs、ψ_o、ϕE_o、RC/CS、ET_o/CS等17个指标的耐阴系数进行主成分分析，提取4个累计贡献率超过85%的主成分，结合隶属函数法综合评价，筛选出‘鄂马铃薯15’（综合得分0.804 5）、‘鄂马铃薯12’（0.757 5）和‘鄂马铃薯7号’（0.733 0）为综合耐阴能力较强的品种。该研究揭示了马铃薯对弱光胁迫的光合适应机制，并为耐阴品种的筛选与选育提供了科学依据和材料基础。

Abstract

Twenty-five potato varieties (lines) were subjected to 75% shading for three weeks during the tuber bulking stage. The photosynthetic response mechanism to low-light stress was investigated by analyzing the rapid chlorophyll fluorescence induction kinetics of leaves. Furthermore, principal component analysis and the membership function method were employed to comprehensively evaluate the shade tolerance of the tested materials. Shading significantly reduced the SPAD values and yield (except for 'E Malingshu 2') but increased plant height in all varieties. Additionally, shading increased the maximum photochemical efficiency (F_v/F_m) and the photosynthetic performance index (PI_abs). Under shading conditions, the number of electron transporters (S_m) on the PSII receptor side and the Q_A reduction rate (M_o) showed no significant changes among most of the test varieties. Meanwhile, the electron transfer capability of Q_A was enhanced, as indicated by an increased degree of active reaction center opening (ψ_o) at 2 ms. Although shading decreased the number of active PSII reaction centers per unit area (RC/CS), the absorbed light energy (ABS/CS) remained stable, while the captured light energy (TR_o/CS) varied among most of the test varieties. The energy for electron transport (ET_o/CS) increased. This is beneficial for maintaining photosynthetic electron transport efficiency under low light and represents an adaptive response to low light stress. Principal component analysis was conducted on the shade tolerance coefficients of 17 indicators, including SPAD value, yield, plant height, F_v/F_m, PI_abs, ψ_o, ϕE_o, RC/CS, ET_o/CS, etc. Four principal components with a cumulative contribution rate exceeding 85% were extracted. Combined with the membership function method for comprehensive evaluation, 'E Malingshu 15' (comprehensive score: 0.804 5), 'E Malingshu 12' (0.757 5), and 'E Malingshu 7' (0.733 0) were identified as varieties with strong comprehensive shade tolerance. This study reveals the photosynthetic adaptation mechanism of potato to low-light stress and provides a scientific basis and material foundation for the screening and breeding of shade-tolerant varieties.

关键词

马铃薯 / 遮阴 / 光合特性 / 叶绿素荧光

Key words

potato / shading / photosynthetic characteristics / chlorophyll fluorescence

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基金资助

湖北省自然科学基金联合项目(2024AFD080)

生物资源保护与利用湖北省重点实验室2024年度开放基金(KYPT012413)

现代农业产业技术体系专项资金(CARS-09)

湖北省农业科技创新中心创新团队项目(2016-620-000-001-061)