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摘要
绿色智能肥料(Green intelligent fertilizer,GIF)是采用大数据智能算法进行有针对性地定向设计配方,应用绿色制造工艺生产的具有养分精准匹配的一类新型肥料。为解决化肥过量施用导致资源浪费和面源污染问题,探索一种适合西南地区的绿色高值种植模式。在云南省设置了3个试验点,对比分析了绿色智能肥处理(GIF)和常规施肥处理(CK)对马铃薯生长指标、品质、产量及效益的影响。在马铃薯关键生育期GIF表现出显著促长效果,块茎膨大期其株高较CK显著提高4.30%~5.55%,SPAD值在块茎膨大期显著提高8.32%~10.94%;GIF显著增加了古生村(试验地1)马铃薯的根体积,增幅达49.59%。在块茎品质方面,GIF的维生素C及粗蛋白质含量最高分别显著增加15.91%和6.78%,并显著降低还原糖含量,最大降幅达14.29%。在产量与效益方面,3个试验点GIF较CK均表现出极显著的增产增效作用,鲜薯产量提升11.23%~19.48%,利润最高提升达48.05%。相关性分析显示,产量与根体积、商品薯率、维生素C及蛋白质含量呈显著正相关。综上,绿色智能肥模式通过养分科学配比与中微量元素(Ca、Mg)定向补充,在氮投入基本一致的前提下,较常规模式减少了35%~45%的磷肥投入,针对该地区‘青薯9号’,建议总养分投入量为N 202.5~289.5、P2O5 98.7~121.5、K2O 216.0~406.8 kg/hm2;针对‘宣薯2号’,建议为N 336.0、P2O5 192.0、K2O 456.0 kg/hm2左右。该方案实现了“低投入、高产出、优品质”的协同发展,在类似生态区具有重要的推广应用价值。
Abstract
Green intelligent fertilizer (GIF) is a new type of fertilizer with precise matching of nutrients produced by green manufacturing process using big data intelligent algorithm for targeted directional design formula. In order to solve the problems of resource waste and non-point source pollution caused by excessive application of fertilizers, this experiment explored a green high-value planting mode suitable for the southwest region. Three experimental sites were set up in Yunnan Province to compare and analyze the effects of GIF treatment and conventional fertilization treatment (CK) on potato growth index, quality, yield and profit. GIF showed a significant growth promoting effect in the key growth period of potato. The plant height was significantly increased by 4.30%-5.55% compared with CK during the tuber bulking, and the SPAD value was significantly increased by 8.32%-10.94% during the tuber bulking. GIF significantly increased the root volume of Gusheng Village (site 1) by 49.59%. In terms of tuber quality, the vitamin C and crude protein contents of GIF were significantly increased by 15.91% and 6.78%, respectively, but the reducing sugar content was significantly reduced by 14.29%. In terms of yield and benefit, GIF showed a very significant increase in yield and profit compared with CK at the three site. The yield increased by 11.23%-19.48%, and the highest profit increased by 48.05%. Correlation analysis showed that yield was significantly positively correlated with root volume, marketable tuber percentage, vitamin C and protein content. In summary, the GIF model reduces the input of phosphate fertilizer by 35%-45% compared with the conventional model under the premise of basically the same nitrogen input through the scientific ratio of nutrients and the directional supplement of medium and trace elements (Ca, Mg). For 'Qingshu 9' in this area, the recommended total nutrient input is N 202.5-289.5 kg/ha, P2O5 98.7-121.5 kg/ha and K2O 216.0-406.8 kg/ha. For 'Xuanshu 2', it is recommended to be approximately N 336.0 kg/ha, P2O5 192.0 kg/ha and K2O 456.0 kg/ha. The scheme realizes the coordinated development of "low input, high output and excellent quality", and has important application value in similar ecological areas.
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Key words
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基金资助
国家重点研发计划(2022YFD1901500)
重大科技专项计划(202202AE090034)
科技人才与平台计划(202305AF150055)
院士专家工作站(YSZJGZZ-2022034)