昭苏垦区马铃薯新品种引种比较试验

Comparative Trials of New Potato Varieties Introduced to the Zhaosu Reclamation Area

摘要

马铃薯是昭苏垦区主要粮食与经济作物之一，高寒冷凉的生态环境虽为马铃薯种植提供了独特条件，但也限制了品种的广泛适配性。筛选适应性强、综合性状优良的马铃薯品种（系），是提升当地马铃薯生产效益的关键举措。为筛选适宜昭苏垦区高寒冷凉地区种植的优良马铃薯品种（系），引进23个马铃薯新品种（系），以‘青薯9号’为对照品种，测定其生育期、田间性状、产量、营养品质，采用隶属函数法进行综合评价。‘应发1号’（Y1）D值最高（0.676），排名第1，产量54 486 kg/hm²，较对照增产22.46%，商品薯率97.0%，还原糖含量0.03%；‘天薯17号’（L21）D值0.539，排名第2，产量52 623 kg/hm²，较对照增产18.27%，商品薯率98.5%；‘陇薯11号’（L2）综合性状隶属函数均值（D值）为0.489，排名第3，产量54 607 kg/hm²，较对照增产22.73%，商品薯率95.4%，综合表现优良。通过隶属函数法对多指标的综合评价，明确这3个品种（系）适应性强、丰产性好，可作为进一步试验与示范的备选品种。

Abstract

Potato is one of the main food and economic crops in the Zhaosu Reclamation Area. Although the high-altitude cold ecological environment provides unique conditions for potato cultivation, it also limits the wide adaptability of varieties. Screening potato varieties (lines) with strong adaptability and excellent comprehensive traits is a key measure to enhance the local potato production efficiency. To screen for superior potato varieties (lines) suitable for cultivation in the high and cold regions of the Zhaosu Reclamation Area, 23 new potato varieties (lines) were introduced. With 'Qingshu 9' as the control variety, their growth period, field traits, yield and nutritional quality were determined, and a comprehensive evaluation was conducted using the membership function method. 'Yingfa 1' (Y1) had the highest D value of 0.676, ranking first with a yield of 54 486 kg/ha, an increase of 22.46% compared to the control, a marketable tuber percentage of 97.0%, and a reducing sugar content of 0.03%. 'Tianshu 17' (L21) had a D value of 0.539, ranking second with a yield of 52 623 kg/ha, an increase of 18.27% compared to the control, and a marketable tuber percentage of 98.5%. 'Longshu 11' (L2) had a D value of 0.489, ranking third with a yield of 54 607 kg/ha, an increase of 22.73% compared to the control, and a marketable tuber percentage of 95.4%, and exhibited outstanding overall performance. Through the comprehensive evaluation of multiple indicators by the membership function method, it was clearly identified that these three varieties (lines) have strong adaptability and good yield, and can be used as candidate varieties for further experiments and demonstrations.

关键词

昭苏垦区 / 马铃薯 / 引种 / 产量 / 隶属函数 / 适应性

Key words

Zhaosu reclamation area / potato / introduction / yield / membership function / adaptability

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基金资助

2024年科技攻关类专项(2024GG006)