极近距离煤层上行开采巷道围岩稳定特征与分区支护方法

Stability characteristics of surrounding rock and zoned support for upward mining roadway in extremely close coal seams

摘要

针对极近距离煤层上行开采巷道围岩稳定性较差、成巷困难的问题, 以郭屯煤矿 113_上 01 轨道顺槽为研究背景, 运用理论分析、现场实测方法研究了上层煤巷道围岩稳定特征, 提出基于现场数据的冒落带高度计算方法, 将巷道按照揭露冒裂带情况划分为 3 个区域进行分区支护设计, 并通过工程实践成功验证了其有效性。研究结果表明: 下层煤顶板已垮落密实, 上层煤巷道围岩裂隙发育程度较低, 现场揭露围岩结构较完整, 覆岩结构处于稳定状态; 基于钻孔数据推导出的冒落带高度公式可较为精准地预测冒落带高度, 结合掘进实际揭露围岩特征, 充分验证了理论公式的合理性; 根据巷道不同区域揭露冒裂带情况设计分区支护方案, 并进行顶板离层和围岩变形监测, 监测结果显示巷道掘进后 30 天顶板离层趋于稳定, 60 天左右围岩变形趋于稳定, 顶板最大离层值为 27 mm, 围岩最大变形值为 126 mm, 围岩变形速率小于 1 mm/d, 后续工作面采动影响引起的围岩二次变形程度仍较小, 验证了分区支护方案的合理性。

Abstract

To address the poor stability of surrounding rock and difficulties in roadway construction in upward mining tunnels in extremely close coal seams, this study investigated the stability characteristics of the surrounding rock of upward mining roadway in extremely close seams by taking the 113 _up 01 track roadway at Guotun Coal Mine as its research context and employing theoretical analysis and field measurement methods. It proposed a method for calculating collapse zone height based on drilling data and divided the roadway into three zones for zoned support design according to the exposure of fracture zones. The effectiveness of the method was verified through engineering practice. With collapsed and compacted lower coal roof and low development degrees of surrounding rock fissures of the upper coal roadway, the surrounding rock structure exposed on site was relatively complete and the overlying rock structure was in a stable state. A collapse zone height formula which can predict the height of collapse zones was derived from the drilling data and its rationality was verified by the characteristics of the surrounding rock exposed in the actual excavation. The zoned support scheme was designed according to the exposure of the collapsed and fractured zones in different areas of the roadway. The results of roof separation monitoring and surrounding rock deformation monitoring showed that the roof separation tended to become stable 30 days after roadway excavation and the surrounding rock deformation tended to become stable about 60 days after roadway excavation, with the maximum roof deformation value of 27 mm, the maximum surrounding rock deformation value of 126 mm, and the surrounding rock deformation rate of less than 1 mm/d. The small secondary deformation degree of the surrounding rock caused by the mining influence of the subsequent working face verified the rationality of the zoned support scheme.

关键词

极近距离煤层 / 上行开采 / 围岩 / 冒落带高度 / 分区支护

Key words

extremely close coal seams / upward mining / surrounding rock / collapse zone height / zoned support

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基金资助

国家自然科学基金项目(52304145)

山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2021QE233)