改性纳米二氧化硅材料特征及其渗流特性研究

Study on characteristics and seepage properties of modified nanosilica material

摘要

煤层注水技术是工作面降尘、除尘和防止瓦斯涌出的重要手段之一, 而煤层注水的润湿范围是影响瓦斯抽采的重要因素。为了提高煤层注水的润湿范围进而提高瓦斯抽采效率, 利用实验室试验和现场工程验证等技术手段, 首先对纳米二氧化硅进行改性, 并利用沉降体积、扫描电镜、透射电镜、傅里叶红外光谱等手段对改性材料进行理化特性测试, 然后借助三轴渗流实验设备探究改性纳米材料对煤层注水的促进效果, 最后在屯宝煤矿进行了现场试验, 通过现场煤层注水增效瓦斯抽采试验验证改性纳米二氧化硅流体对瓦斯抽采的增强效果。研究表明: 选用二氯二甲基硅烷对纳米二氧化硅进行改性, 能够制备出具有稳定分散均匀性质的改性纳米材料; 加入纳米改性材料后, 溶液更易通过渗透孔隙, 渗流时间减少, 润湿效果更强。现场应用效果显示, 加入改性纳米二氧化硅流体后, 使屯宝煤矿 WⅡ02040502 综放工作面平均瓦斯抽采量由 52.14 m³/d 提高到 59.70 m³/d, 瓦斯抽采效率提高 14.5%, 明显提高了瓦斯抽采效率。研究结果可以为煤矿煤层注水增效瓦斯抽采提供新的参考资料。

Abstract

Coal seam water injection technology is one of the important means for dust reduction, dust removal and gas outburst prevention at the working face, and the wetting range of coal seam water injection is one of the important factors affecting gas extraction. To improve the wetting range of coal seam water injection and enhance the efficiency of gas extraction, laboratory experiments and field engineering verification techniques were used to modify nano-silicon dioxide, and the detection methods such as sedimentation volume, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to test the physical and chemical properties of the modified materials. Then, with the help of triaxial seepage experimental equipment, the promoting effect of modified nano-materials on coal seam water injection was explored. Finally, field tests were conducted in Tunbao Coal Mine, and the enhanced effect of nano-modified materials on gas extraction was verified through field coal seam water injection efficiency gas extraction tests. The study shows that modifying nano-silicon dioxide with dichlorosilane can produce modified nano-materials with stable dispersion uniformity. After the addition of nano-modified materials, the solution is easier to pass through permeable pores, the seepage time is reduced, and the wetting effect on coal bodies is enhanced. Field application results show that after nano-modified materials were added, the average gas extraction volume of the WⅡ02040502 fully mechanized top coal caving face in Tunbao Coal Mine increased from 52.14 m³/d to 59.70 m³/d, and the gas extraction efficiency increased by 14.5%, that significantly improving the efficiency of coal mine gas extraction. The results of this study can provide new references for improving the efficiency of coal mine gas extraction through coal seam water injection.

关键词

煤层注水 / 改性纳米材料 / 渗流 / 瓦斯抽采 / 润湿范围

Key words

coal seam water injection / modified nanomaterials / seepage / gas extraction / wetting range

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基金资助

国家自然科学基金项目(52174194)