The optimal control problem of continuous nonlinear systems are investigated with input constraints using a self-triggered intermittent control mechanism. The designed controller is applied to the system to overcome the influence of unknown internal disturbances. Then, the critic and action neural networks are employed to approximate the optimal cost function and the optimal control input, respectively, to obtain the optimal control strategy. The stability of the system is analyzed by using a generalized lemma on semi-global practical finite-time stability. Finally, numerical simulations are conducted to verify the feasibility of the proposed theory.
WANGD, GAON, LIUD, et al. Recent progress in reinforcement learning and adaptive dynamic programming for advanced control applications[J]. IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica, 2023, 11(1): 18-36.
[2]
WANGK, MUC, NIZ, et al. Safe reinforcement learning and adaptive optimal control with applications to obstacle avoidance problem[J]. IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering, 2023, 21(3): 4599-4612.
[3]
BOURDINL, TRÉLATE. Linear-quadratic optimal sampled-data control problems: Convergence result and Riccati theory[J]. Automatica, 2017, 79: 273-281.
[4]
ZHANGH, CUIL, ZHANGX, et al. Data-driven robust approximate optimal tracking control for unknown general nonlinear systems using adaptive dynamic programming method[J]. IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks, 2011, 22(12): 2226-2236.
[5]
XIANGZ, LIP, ZOUW. Event-triggered optimal control for a class of continuous-time switched nonlinear systems[J]. IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering, 2024, 22: 1620-1630.
[6]
FENGT, ZHANGH, LUOY, et al. Stability analysis of heuristic dynamic programming algorithm for nonlinear systems[J]. Neurocomputing, 2015, 149: 1461-1468.
[7]
YANGD, LIT, ZHANGH, et al. Event-trigger-based robust control for nonlinear constrained-input systems using reinforcement learning method[J]. Neurocomputing, 2019, 340: 158-170.
[8]
MINGZ, ZHANGH, YANY, et al. Self-triggered adaptive dynamic programming for model-free nonlinear systems via generalized fuzzy hyperbolic model[J]. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Systems, 2022, 53(5): 2792-2801.
LIUC, LIUL, CAOJ, et al. Intermittent event-triggered optimal leader-following consensus for nonlinear multi-agent systems via actor-critic algorithm[J]. IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems, 2021, 34(8): 3992-4006.
[11]
WANGW, GUH, MEIJ, et al. Output information-based intermittent optimal control for continuous-time nonlinear systems with unmatched uncertainties via adaptive dynamic programming[J]. ISA Transactions, 2024, 147: 163-175.
[12]
LIUC, LIUL, WUZ. Intermittent event-triggered optimal control for second-order delayed multiagent systems with input constraints[J]. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Systems, 2024, 54(5): 2698-2710.
[13]
ZHANGC, ZHANGX, XIAOF, et al. Intermittent dynamic event-triggered optimal control for networked control systems with input saturation[J]. International Journal of Robust and Nonlinear Control, 2025, 35(6): 1935-1949.
[14]
MEIJ, LUZ, HUJ, et al. Energy-efficient optimal guaranteed cost intermittent-switch control of a direct expansion air conditioning system[J]. IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica, 2021, 8(11): 1852-1866.
[15]
HUOY, WANGD, QIAOJ, et al. Off-policy model-free learning for multi-player non-zero-sum games with constrained inputs[J]. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers, 2022, 70(2): 910-920.
[16]
LIUD, WANGD, WANGF Y, et al. Neural-network-based online HJB solution for optimal robust guaranteed cost control of continuous-time uncertain nonlinear systems[J]. IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics, 2014, 44(12): 2834-2847.
[17]
LIUS, NIUB, ZONGG, et al. Data-driven-based event-triggered optimal control of unknown nonlinear systems with input constraints[J]. Nonlinear Dynamics, 2022, 109(2): 891-909.
[18]
RUANZ, HUJ, MEIJ. Robust optimal triple event-triggered intermittent control for uncertain input-constrained nonlinear systems[J]. Communications in Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulation, 2024, 129: 107718.
[19]
LIUM, JIANGH, HUC. Finite-time synchronization of delayed dynamical networks via aperiodically intermittent control[J]. Journal of the Franklin Institute, 2017, 354(13): 5374-5397.