To address the issues of limited energy of nodes and high communication energy consumption in underwater acoustic sensor networks, an energy-efficient transmission scheme based on physical field cooperation (PF-Cooper) is proposed. The scheme models the network from the perspective of continuous acoustic physical fields and achieves adaptive node partitioning and clustering by constructing a sink-centered field coordinate system. It designs an excitation-response-based cluster head selection mechanism and a distributed gradient cooperation algorithm that only relies on local information exchange, to dynamically optimize the transmission amplitude and phase of cluster head nodes, enabling coherent signal superposition at the sink. Furthermore, it establishes an energy consumption model including phase adjustment and synchronization overhead.Simulation results show that, compared with cDBR, EULC and GTC algorithms, the proposed scheme has certain advantages in extending network lifetime, reducing energy consumption and improving energy distribution balance.
考虑一个空间尺寸为100 m × 100 m × 100 m的三维水下监测区域.网络中随机部署N个静态节点,Sink节点位于水面中心位置,其能量充足不受约束.节点间采用声波通信,最大通信半径为.各节点初始能量均为,并周期性采集信息,生成长度为的数据包.图1展示了三维UASNs网络结构图.上述网络与能耗模型为后续的分区与协同传输提供了统一的建模基础.
为验证本方案(PF-Cooper)的性能,使用MATLAB进行仿真,并与cDBR[6]、EULC[7]和GTC[13]三种分簇路由算法进行性能对比.其中cDBR代表基于深度信息的分簇基础方法,EULC代表能量感知的非均匀分层路由,GTC代表博弈论在簇头选举中的典型应用,三者从不同角度体现了UASNs能耗优化的主流思路,具有较好的代表性.节点随机分布在100 m × 100 m × 100 m网络区域.经场自适应分区后,各分区节点数量基本均衡,簇头选举结果在空间上分布均匀(未出现局部聚集).仿真参数如表1所示.
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