公共卫生社会措施与新型冠状病毒感染疫情防控效果的关联分析
宗慧莹 , 李东禾 , 戴银煌 , 周景涛 , 黄昊 , 胡国清
中南大学学报(医学版) ›› 2025, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (9) : 1654 -1663.
公共卫生社会措施与新型冠状病毒感染疫情防控效果的关联分析
Association of public health and social measures with the effectiveness of COVID-19 epidemic control
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目的 公共卫生社会措施是一个国家控制疫情传播的重要途径,但它也会影响正常的社会经济秩序。本研究旨在分析2020年1月至2022年9月全球118个国家公共卫生社会措施政策强度差异、时间变化趋势及其与新型冠状病毒感染(corona virus disease 2019,COVID-19)防控效果的关联,为科学制定相关公共卫生社会措施提供参考。 方法 通过箱式图描述118个国家在疫情流行期间的公共卫生社会措施综合及单项政策强度得分的分布特征,通过拟合线性和非线性模型检验118个国家公共卫生社会措施政策强度的时间变化趋势,采用双因素固定效应模型分析公共卫生社会措施政策强度与COVID-19有效再生数的关联。 结果 118个国家间的公共卫生社会措施综合政策强度得分介于7.78~69.75。在所纳入的118个国家中,108个国家的公共卫生社会措施综合政策强度得分曲线拟合模型(均为3次曲线模型)有统计学意义且决定系数均大于0.25,其中59个国家公共卫生社会措施综合政策强度得分整体上随时间递增,49个国家随时间递减。调整协变量、国家的个体固定效应和时间固定效应后,公共卫生社会措施综合政策强度得分与有效再生数呈负相关(β’=-0.076,P<0.05);关闭学校措施、关闭工作场所措施、聚集限制措施、国内出行限制措施、戴口罩措施等5项措施政策强度得分与COVID-19有效再生数均呈负相关(分别β’=-0.020、β’=-0.046、β’=-0.032、β’=-0.011和β’=-0.030,均P<0.05);国际旅行限制措施政策强度得分与COVID-19有效再生数呈正相关(β’=0.053,P<0.05)。 结论 COVID-19大规模流行期间,全球118个国家的公共卫生社会措施平均执行力度相差极大。关闭学校、关闭工作场所、聚集限制、国内出行限制和戴口罩措施能够有效地控制COVID-19的发展,国际旅行限制措施的防控效果随时间推移而逐渐减弱。
Objective Public health and social measures are essential tools for countries to control epidemic transmission but may also disrupt normal socioeconomic activities. This study aims to analyze differences in public health and social measures policy stringency, temporal trends, and their association with corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) control outcomes in 118 countries from January 2020 to September 2022, providing evidence to support the formulation of scientifically grounded public health and social measures policies. Methods Boxplots were used to describe the distribution of overall and individual public health and social measures policy stringency scores across 118 countries during the pandemic. Linear and nonlinear models were fitted to examine temporal trends in public health and social measures policy stringency. A two-way fixed-effects model was applied to analyze the association between public health and social measures policy stringency and the effective reproduction number of COVID-19. Results The overall public health and social measures stringency scores across the 188 countries ranged from 7.78 to 69.75. Among these countries, temporal trend models for public health and social measures stringency were statistically significant in 108 countries (all third-order polynomial models), with coefficients of determination exceeding 0.25. Overall public health and social measures stringency increased over time in 59 countries but decreased in 49 countries. After adjusting for covariates, country-level fixed effects, and time fixed effects, the overall public health and social measures policy stringency score was negatively associated with effective reproduction number (β’=-0.076, P<0.05). Five individual public health and social measures components, school closures, workplace closures, gathering restrictions, domestic movement restrictions, and mask-wearing policies, were each negatively associated with the effective reproduction number (β’=-0.020, β’=-0.046, β’=-0.032, β’=-0.011, and β’=-0.030, respectively; all P<0.05). In contrast, international travel restrictions were positively associated with the effective reproduction number (β’=0.053, P<0.05). Conclusion During the COVID-19 pandemic, the average intensity of public health and social measures implementation varied widely across 118 countries. School closures, workplace closures, gathering restrictions, domestic movement restrictions, and mask-wearing measures effectively curbed COVID-19 transmission, whereas the effectiveness of international travel restrictions diminished over time.
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国家社会科学基金(20&ZD120┫。This work was supported by the National Social Science Foundation of China ┣20&ZD120)
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