1990—2021年中国类风湿关节炎发病与死亡趋势及年龄-时期-队列模型分析
窦雪伟 , 崔文飞 , 韩真真 , 车志英 , 李晓冰 , 郭洪涛
中南大学学报(医学版) ›› 2025, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (07) : 1214 -1223.
1990—2021年中国类风湿关节炎发病与死亡趋势及年龄-时期-队列模型分析
Trends in the incidence and mortality of rheumatoid arthritis in China from 1990 to 2021: An age-period-cohort analysis
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目的 类风湿关节炎(rheumatoid arthritis,RA)的发生与发展为患者个人、家庭及社会带来沉重负担。本研究通过分析1990至2021年中国RA的发病与死亡趋势,旨在为RA的精准防控提供流行病学依据。 方法 根据最新全球疾病负担(Global Burden of Disease,GBD)2021数据库,提取1990—2021年中国不同性别及年龄段RA发病人数、年龄标化发病率(age-standardized incidence rate,ASIR)、死亡人数和年龄标化死亡率(age-standardized mortality rate,ASMR)作为疾病负担指标,采用Joinpoint回归模型分析RA的ASIR和ASMR的变化趋势。采用R4.3.1构建年龄-时期-队列模型分析RA的ASIR和ASMR的纵向年龄变化及时期、队列效应相对危险度(risk ratio,RR)值。 结果 2021年中国RA发病人数、ASIR、死亡人数和ASMR分别为24.73万人、13.70/10万、1.03万人和0.54/10万。1990—2021年中国女性和男性RA的ASIR呈逐年上升趋势,平均年度变化百分比(average annual percentage change,AAPC)分别为0.44%和0.72%。1990—2021年RA全人群和女性ASMR均呈下降趋势,AAPC分别为-0.78%和-1.19%,男性AAPC差异无统计学意义。年龄-时期-队列模型显示,RA女性和男性高发年龄段分别为60~64岁和75~79岁,ASMR随年龄增加呈上升趋势。女性和男性发病时期效应RR值均呈上升趋势,以2002—2006年为对照,2017—2021年女性和男性发病时期效应RR值分别上升至1.10[95%置信区间(confidence interval,CI) 0.94~1.27]和1.14(95% CI 1.02~1.27);死亡时期效应RR值均呈先下降后上升再下降趋势,2017—2021年女性和男性死亡时期效应RR值分别下降至0.56(95% CI 0.52~0.61)和0.75(95% CI 0.68~0.82)。队列研究发现,女性和男性RA发病风险最高的出生队列均为2012—2016年;RA女性死亡的队列效应RR值自1922—1926年队列后呈下降趋势。 结论 中国RA的发病和死亡风险持续下降,但随着人口老龄化,老年人群发病及死亡风险升高,中国未来在RA的防治方面仍面临较大挑战。建议应特别关注中年女性和老年男性RA群体,各级医疗机构应加强中年女性群体RA的健康宣传教育及预防筛检、临床增强对高龄老年群体病情监测,以减轻RA疾病负担。
Objective Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) imposes a heavy burden on individuals, families, and society. This study analyzed the incidence and mortality trends of RA in China from 1990 to 2023 to provide epidemiological evidence for precise prevention and control. Methods Data on RA incidence, age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR), deaths, and age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) in China by sex and age group from 1900 to 2021 were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 database. Joinpoint regression was used to analyze trends in ASIR and ASMR. An age-period-cohort model was constructed using R4.3.1 to evaluate longitudinal age trends and estimate relative risk (RR) values for period and cohort effects. Results In 2021, the number of RA cases, ASIR, deaths, and ASMR in China were 247 300, 13.70 per 100 000, 10 300, and 0.54 per 100 000, respectively. From 1990 to 2021, the ASIR of RA increased annually among both females and males, with average annual percentage changes (AAPCs) of 0.44% and 0.72%, respectively. Over the same period, ASMR declined in the total population and among females, with AAPCs of -0.78% and -1.19%, while the change in males was not statistically significant. Age-period-cohort analysis showed that the peak incidence occurred in women aged 60-64 years and men aged 75-79 years, and mortality increased with age. The period effect for incidence rose in both sexes, reaching 1.10 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.94 to 1.27] for females and 1.14 (95% CI 1.02 to 1.27) for males during 2017 to 2021, compared with 2002 to 2006. The mortality period effect RR exhibited a downward-upward-downward pattern, decreasing to 0.56 (95% CI 0.52 to 0.61) in females and 0.75 (95% CI 0.68 to 0.82) in males in 2017 to 2021. Cohort analysis indicated that the highest incidence risk occurred in individuals born during 2012 to 2016, while the cohort effect RR for female RA mortality showed a continuous decline beginning with the 1922 to 1926 birth cohort. Conclusion The incidence and mortality risks of RA in China have continued to decline. However, with the aging of the population, the incidence and mortality risks among the elderly have increased. Middle-aged women and elderly men should receive focused attention. Health authorities should strengthen education, prevention, and screening among middle-aged women and enhance disease monitoring in elderly populations to reduce the national burden of RA.
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河南省重点研发专项(231111310300)
河南省科技攻关项目(252102311259)
河南省中医药传承与创新人才工程(仲景工程)中医药学科拔尖人才项目(CZ0325-13)
河南省中医药科学研究专项课题(2021JDZX2010)
河南中医药大学科研苗圃工程项目(MP2024-37)
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