宫腔内妊娠物残留非手术治疗的有效性和安全性:一项前瞻性观察性研究
高兴怡 , 邓婧蓉 , 崔子璇 , 曾向阳 , 徐大宝
中南大学学报(医学版) ›› 2025, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (9) : 1624 -1631.
宫腔内妊娠物残留非手术治疗的有效性和安全性:一项前瞻性观察性研究
Effectiveness and safety of non-surgical management for intrauterine retained products of conception: A prospective observational study
目的 宫腔内妊娠物残留(retained products of conception,RPOC)是常见产后/流产后并发症,手术治疗虽有效,但存在损伤子宫内膜、影响生育的风险。回顾性研究显示非手术治疗对于部分RPOC患者安全有效,但仍缺乏前瞻性证据进一步证实。本研究采用前瞻性观察性研究设计探讨RPOC非手术治疗的有效性和安全性。 方法 前瞻性收集2023年1月至2024年12月首次在中南大学湘雅三医院妇产科门诊就诊的经超声诊断为宫腔内RPOC患者的临床资料。分析非手术治疗过程中妊娠物自行排出或中转手术治疗情况,以及大出血和感染的发生率。 结果 本研究纳入275例宫腔内RPOC患者,其中181例(65.82%)自行排出,25例(9.09%)仍在接受非手术治疗;69例(25.09%)中转手术治疗,其中64例无并发症患者因不愿意继续等待而中转手术治疗,5例患者因大出血急诊住院药物治疗后中转手术。非手术治疗过程中,有181例自行排出残留物,中位RPOC时间为81.0(57.0, 106.5) d。不同排出时间分布显示:30 d内排出者3例(1.66%),31~60 d排出者45例(24.86%),61~90 d排出者59例(32.60%),91~120 d排出者45例(24.86%),≥121 d排出者29例(16.02%)。69例患者手术中位等待时间为73(53, 101) d,等待时间分布显示:终止妊娠后30 d内中转手术者5例(7.25%),31~60 d中转手术者14例(20.29%),61~90 d中转手术者26例(37.68%),91~120 d中转手术者12例(17.39%),≥121 d中转手术者12例(17.39%)。非手术治疗过程中,8例发生大出血(2.91%)患者均接受住院药物治疗后出血明显减少,均未行子宫动脉栓塞和子宫切除术;其中,5例患者中转手术治疗,3例患者选择继续接受非手术治疗并自行排出。非手术治疗过程中,有4例患者C反应蛋白水平升高,但未出现临床感染征象。非手术治疗过程中,64例无并发症患者因个人意愿选择中转手术治疗,对其首诊与术前资料进行自身配对比较发现:术前血人绒毛膜促性腺激素β亚单位(human chorionic gonadotropin beta subunit,β-HCG)水平较首次门诊时降低,术前子宫体积、术前妊娠物最大径线均较首次门诊时缩小,术前血流等级、子宫肌层血管增强(enhanced myometrial vascularity,EMV)比例均较首次门诊时下降,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.01)。 结论 在无活动性出血及感染的前提下,宫腔内RPOC非手术治疗有效且相对安全,可列为备选治疗方案。
Objective Intrantering retained products of conception (RPOC) are common postpartum or post-abortion complications. Although surgical management is effective, it carries risks such as endometrial injury and potential negative impacts on fertility. Retrospective studies suggest that non-surgical treatment may be safe and effective for selected patients with RPOC; however, prospective evidence remains lacking. This study aims to prospectively evaluate the effectiveness and safety of non-surgical management for RPOC. Methods Clinical data of patients diagnosed with intrauterine RPOC by ultrasound and presenting for the first time at the outpatient clinic of the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics of the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, from January 2023 to December 2024 were prospectively collected. Outcomes assessed included spontaneous expulsion of retained tissue, conversion to surgical treatment, and the incidence of heavy bleeding or infection during non-surgical management. Results A total of 275 patients with intrauterine RPOC were enrolled. Among them, 181 patients (65.82%) experienced spontaneous expulsion, 25 (9.09%) remained under non-surgical management, and 69 (25.09%) converted to surgical treatment. Of the 69 patients, 64 had no complications but opted for surgery due to unwillingness to continue waiting, while 5 patients underwent emergency hospitalization for heavy bleeding and subsequently converted to surgery after medical stabilization. Among the 181 patients with spontaneous expulsion, the median time to RPOC resolution was 81.0 (57.0, 106.5) days. The distribution of expulsion time was as follows: with 30 days, 3 cases (1.66%); 31-60 days, 45 cases (24.86%); 61-90 days, 59 cases (32.60%); 91-120 days, 45 cases (24.86%); ≥121 days, 29 cases (16.02%). For the 69 patients who underwent surgery, the median waiting time was 73 (53, 101) days. Time-to-surgery distribution was as follows: within 30 days of pregnancy termination, 5 cases (7.25%); 31-60 days, 14 cases (20.29%); 61-90 days, 26 cases (37.68%); 91-120 days, 12 cases (17.39%); ≥121 days, 12 cases (17.39%). During non-surgical management, 8 patients (2.91%) developed heavy bleeding; all were successfully managed with inpatient medical treatment, with marked reduction in bleeding, and none required uterine artery embolization or hysterectomy. Among these, 5 converted to surgery, while 3 chose to continue non-surgical management and subsequently expelled the retained tissue spontaneously. Four patients showed elevated C-reactive protein levels, but none exhibited clinical signs of infection. For the 64 complication-free patients who elected surgery due to personal preference, paired comparisons between their complications between their initial and preoperative evaluations showed significant reductions in β-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG), uterine volume, and maximum diameter of retained tissue, as well as decreases in vascular flow grading and the proportion of enhanced myometrial vascularity (EMV) (all P<0.01). Conclusion In the absence of active bleeding or infection, non-surgical management of intrauterine RPOC is effective and relatively safe and may be considered an alternative treatment option.
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湖南省重点研发计划(2022SK2033)
芙蓉实验室科研项目(2023SK2109┫。This study was supported by the Key Research and Development Program of Hunan Province ┣2022SK2033)
the Scientific Research Program of Furong Laboratory(2023SK2109)
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