HEART评分系统在急性冠脉综合征患者中的应用进展
赵洪圉 , 唐彩云 , 段应龙 , 王莎 , 赵丽群 , 郭美英
中南大学学报(医学版) ›› 2026, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (4) : 635 -644.
HEART评分系统在急性冠脉综合征患者中的应用进展
Advances in the application of the HEART score in patients with acute coronary syndromes
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急性冠脉综合征(acute coronary syndromes,ACS)是临床最危重的心血管急症之一,对患者进行快速识别、精准危险分层与早期干预是改善其预后的核心环节。HEART评分系统由病史(history,H)、心电图(electrocardiogram,E)、年龄(age,A)、危险因素(risk factor,R)、肌钙蛋白(troponin,T)5项核心指标构成,是急诊胸痛患者风险评估与分层管理的重要工具,具备操作简便、评估高效、循证依据充分等特点,已被多国胸痛诊疗指南推荐使用。系统综述HEART评分系统在ACS患者中的应用进展,详细阐述其评分构成、分级标准与急诊应用流程,重点梳理该评分在ACS早期诊断、危险分层、治疗决策与预后评估中的临床价值,并对比分析HEART评分与其他常用评分的适用场景与效能差异,同时指出该评分在动态监测、主观偏倚、特殊人群适用性及本土化应用中存在的局限,进一步对其动态化、智能化、本土化改良方向进行展望,有望为国内急诊与心血管领域更科学、规范、高效地应用HEART评分系统提供参考,助力实现ACS患者的早期筛查、精准分流与优化救治。
Acute coronary syndromes (ACS) are among the most critical cardiovascular emergencies in clinical practice. Rapid identification, accurate risk stratification, and early intervention are essential for improving patient outcomes. The HEART score, which consists of 5 core components, History (H), Electrocardiogram (E), Age (A), Risk factors (R), and Troponin (T), is an important tool for risk assessment and stratified management of patients presenting to the emergency department with chest pain. Owing to its simplicity, efficiency, and strong evidence base, the HEART score has been recommended by chest pain management guidelines in multiple countries. This review systematically summarizes the advances in the application of the HEART score in patients with ACS. The composition of the score, grading criteria, and emergency department workflow are described in detail. Particular emphasis is placed on its clinical value in the early diagnosis, risk stratification, therapeutic decision‑making, and prognostic assessment of ACS. In addition, the applicability and performance of the HEART score are compared with those of other commonly used risk assessment tools. The limitations of the HEART score, including limited capability for dynamic monitoring, susceptibility to subjective bias, applicability in special populations, and challenges in localized implementation, are also discussed. Furthermore, future directions for dynamic, intelligent, and localized modifications of the HEART score are proposed. This review may provide a reference for the more scientific, standardized, and efficient application of the HEART score in emergency and cardiovascular medicine in China, thereby facilitating early screening, precise triage, and optimized management of patients with ACS.
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长沙市自然科学基金(kq2403049┫。This work was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Changsha)
长沙市自然科学基金(China ┣kq2403049)
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开放获取(Open access):本文遵循知识共享许可协议,允许第三方用户按照署名-非商业性使用-禁止演绎4.0(在任何媒介以任何形式复制、传播本作品┣https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
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