浙江省德清县老年人群免费流感疫苗接种行为、意愿及其影响因素分析
解玉阳 , 冯栋晴 , 陈胜玉 , 吴博 , 陈颖峰 , 付朝伟
复旦学报(医学版) ›› 2025, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (05) : 686 -693.
浙江省德清县老年人群免费流感疫苗接种行为、意愿及其影响因素分析
Behavior, willingness and influencing factors of free influenza vaccination for older people in Deqing County, Zhejiang Province
目的 调查浙江省德清县老年人群免费流感疫苗的接种情况和接种意愿,并分析可能的影响因素。 方法 根据人口数据和德清县电子医疗系统相关数据,计算2018—2022年实施免费流感疫苗接种政策后的流感疫苗覆盖情况,并按比例分层随机抽取德清县6个街道/乡镇60岁及以上符合条件的老年人,利用问卷调查居民2020—2022年流感疫苗接种行为和2023年流感季的接种意愿。通过χ2检验和Logistic回归分析影响老年人接种行为和后续接种意愿的因素。 结果 2018—2022年德清县60岁及以上老年人平均每年接种流感疫苗5.62万剂次,5年平均流感疫苗覆盖率为46.16%。729名抽样对象的调查结果显示,2020—2022年德清县老年人流感疫苗接种率由69.3%上升至75.3%,81.9%的老年人对后续流感疫苗接种持积极意愿。Logistic回归分析结果显示,农业户籍(OR=3.05,95%CI:1.82~8.99)、文化程度更低(OR=2.82,95%CI:1.15~6.93)、知晓免费疫苗政策(OR=4.65,95%CI:1.82~11.91)和感知到疫苗有效性(OR=6.61,95%CI:3.20~13.61)居民接种次数更多。家庭年收入<15万(OR=1.65,95%CI:1.04~2.60)、知晓疫苗免费政策(OR=3.07,95%CI:1.84~5.12)、感知到疫苗有效性(OR=4.39,95%CI:2.77~6.96)、感知到疫苗安全性(OR=1.57,95%CI:1.01~2.43)的居民接种意愿更积极。居民选择不接种流感疫苗最主要的原因为担心疫苗的不良反应(37.9%)、认为自己身体素质好无需接种(30.3%)、流感疫苗效果较差(21.2%);选择接种的最主要原因为保护自身(89.1%)、免费接种(65.5%)和保护家人(60.6%)。 结论 浙江省德清县老年人群免费流感疫苗的接种率和后续接种意愿较高,但距离WHO推荐值仍有差距。相关部门应加强流感疫苗知识的健康教育,宣传免费疫苗接种政策,以提高接种率和下一季度接种意愿率。
Objective To survey the free influenza vaccination status and willingness among the elderly in Deqing County, Zhejiang Province, and analyze the influencing factors. Methods Based on population data and the electronic medical system of Deqing County, the influenza vaccine coverage from 2018 to 2022 after the implementation of the free influenza vaccination policy was calculated. A proportional stratified random sampling method was used to select elderly individuals aged 60 and above from six streets/towns in Deqing County. A questionnaire survey was conducted to assess influenza vaccination behaviors from 2020 to 2022 and vaccination willingness for the 2023 influenza season. The chi-square test and logistic regression were used to analyze potential factors associated with vaccination behavior and subsequent willingness among the elderly. Results An average of influenza vaccines for the elderly per year were 56.2 thousand, with influenza vaccination coverage rate of 46.16% in average over the five years. Among 729 subjects, the vaccination rate increased from 69.3% in 2020 to 75.3% in 2022, and 81.9% of them were willing to receive influenza vaccines in the next flu season. Logistic regression analysis revealed that individuals with agricultural household registration (OR=3.05, 95%CI:1.82-8.99), lower education levels (OR=2.82, 95%CI:1.15-6.93), awareness of the free vaccine policy (OR=4.65, 95%CI:1.82-11.91),and belief in vaccine efficacy (OR=6.61,95%CI:3.20-13.61) had higher vaccination rates. Factors associated with a more positive vaccination willingness included an annual household income of <150 thousand CNY (OR=1.65, 95%CI:1.04-2.60), awareness of the free vaccine policy (OR=3.07, 95%CI:1.84-5.12), perceived vaccine efficacy (OR=4.39, 95%CI:2.77-6.96), and perceived vaccine safety (OR=1.57, 95%CI:1.01-2.43). The main reasons for non-vaccination were concerned about the side effects of the vaccine (37.9%), thoughts that they were in good health and did not need to be vaccinated (30.3%), and influenza vaccines were ineffective (21.2%). The main reasons for vaccination were to protect themselves (89.1%), vaccination was free (65.5%) and to protect their families (60.6%). Conclusion The elderly in Deqing County had a relatively high influenza vaccination rate and follow-up vaccination willingness rate, but there still existed a gap to reach at target rate recommended by WHO. The local government should strengthen health education related to influenza vaccine knowledge, and publicize free vaccination policy to improve the vaccination rate and willingness in next season.
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