农产品主产区乡村空心化水平测度及影响因素:
Measurement of Rural Hollowing Level and Its Influencing Factors in Major Agricultural Production Zones:
精准测度与综合评价农产品主产区乡村空心化水平,揭示农产品主产区县域乡村空心化空间分布格局及其影响因素,对保障农产品主产区国家粮食安全,因地制宜整治空心村,创新机制推动乡村全面振兴具有重要意义。在县域视角下以银川平原农产品主产区5个县(市、区)为研究对象,基于统计年鉴与实地走访数据,从土地、人口、产业三方面构建乡村空心化综合测度指标体系,采用自然断点法对5 个县(市、区)乡村空心化程度进行等级划分,利用灰色关联度法对乡村空心化现象的影响因素及其作用机制进行分析,从而揭示农产品主产区乡村空心化现象的形成机理与空间分布特征。结果表明:银川平原农产品主产区乡村空心化程度在空间分布上存在异质性,各地区在人口空心化、土地空心化、产业空心化、综合空心化方面存在差异,其中常住人口比例、外出务工人员比例及区域经济结构对乡村空心化的影响占据主导地位。银川平原农产品主产区乡村空心化是土地、人口、产业等多维度要素空心化相互作用的结果。整治乡村空心化问题,要多措并举协同推进,一是因地制宜发展特色产业,增强乡村经济内生动力;二是优化公共服务供给,完善基础设施布局,促进教育、医疗资源均衡配置;三是深化农村土地制度改革,健全宅基地管理和土地流转机制,推动城乡要素双向流动,最终实现城乡融合发展新格局。
Accurately measuring and comprehensively evaluating the rural hollowing level in major agricultural product-producing areas, revealing the spatial distribution patterns and influencing factors of rural hollowing at the county scale, is of significant importance for ensuring national food security, implementing targeted hollow village remediation, and innovating mechanisms to promote comprehensive rural revitalization. This study focuses on five counties (cities/districts) in the Yinchuan Plain, a key agricultural product-producing region, under a county-level perspective. Based on statistical yearbooks and field survey data, a comprehensive evaluation index system for rural hollowing was constructed from three dimensions: land, population, and industry. The natural breaks method was employed to classify the rural hollowing degree of the five counties (cities/districts), and the grey correlation analysis was applied to identify influencing factors and their mechanisms, thereby revealing the formation mechanisms and spatial distribution characteristics of rural hollowing in agricultural product-producing areas.The results indicate that the rural hollowing degree in the Yinchuan Plain exhibits spatial heterogeneity, with regional disparities in population hollowing, land hollowing, industrial hollowing, and comprehensive hollowing. Among these, the proportion of permanent residents, out-migrant workers, and regional economic structure dominate the rural hollowing process. The rural hollowing in the Yinchuan Plain is the result of multidimensional interactions among land, population, and industry. To address rural hollowing, coordinated measures are essential: ① developing localized characteristic industries to enhance endogenous economic vitality; ② optimizing public service provision and infrastructure layout to promote balanced allocation of educational and medical resources; and ③ deepening rural land system reforms, improving homestead management and land transfer mechanisms, and facilitating bidirectional urban-rural factor flows, ultimately achieving integrated urban-rural development.
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国家自然科学基金项目“宁南山区生态效率-经济规模-国土管控空间可持续匹配机制研究”(42161050)
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