木霉菌的分离鉴定及拮抗西瓜枯萎病菌、促进幼苗生长的菌株筛选与评价
张飞龙 , 褚睿 , 沈婷婷 , 杨睿祺 , 熊依玲 , 马福平 , 张雪艳
农业科学研究(中英文) ›› 2025, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (03) : 1 -8.
木霉菌的分离鉴定及拮抗西瓜枯萎病菌、促进幼苗生长的菌株筛选与评价
Isolation and Identification of Trichoderma Strains with Antagonistic Activity against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum and Their Potential for Promoting Seedling Growth
由尖孢镰刀菌(Fusariumoxysporum)引起的西瓜枯萎病常导致西瓜产量损失严重,为获得高效拮抗西瓜枯萎病的木霉菌并明确其促生效果,通过涂布法筛选可以显著抑制西瓜尖孢镰刀菌的木霉菌株,测试菌株对多种病原菌的抑制效果,并对其进行生理生化、遗传特性及对植株促生特性的评价。结果表明:筛选出的10 株木霉菌株可以显著抑制西瓜尖孢镰刀菌的生长,并且均能显著抑制多种土传病原菌生长;10 株木霉菌株均具有固氮、产生铁载体、蛋白酶的能力,均可以促进西瓜幼苗株高、茎直径、叶绿素SPAD值、地上部干质量和鲜质量、地下部干质量和鲜质量的增加。此外,在盆栽试验中10 株木霉菌株对西瓜枯萎病的防控效果为33.33%~71.67%,抗病促生效果经隶属函数综合分析排名高低依次为XHMG-3、HXQ-13、LC-8、BYNK-12、CM2-1、LPS-12、AWH-36、QFS-3、HYM-9、XQ-1。因此,试验筛选得到的10 株木霉菌株具有进一步研究与开发的潜力。
Watermelon fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum leads to significant yield loss in watermelon production. This study aimed to isolate Trichoderma strains with high antagonistic efficacy against watermelon fusarium wilt and to assess their growth-promoting effects. A high-efficiency Trichoderma strain capable of significantly inhibiting Fusarium oxysporum was selected using the coating method. The strain’s antibacterial effects against various pathogens were tested and its physiological, biochemical, and genetic characteristics, as well as its plant growth-promoting abilities were evaluated. The results showed that 10 biocontrol Trichoderma strains were isolated, all of which significantly inhibited the growth of Fusarium oxysporum and other soil-borne pathogens. These strains exhibited nitrogen-fixing capabilities, siderophore and protease production, and promoted increases in plant height, stem diameter, chlorophyll content, and both dry and fresh weights of above-ground and below-ground biomass, as well as total root length of watermelon seedlings. Furthermore, the control efficacy against watermelon fusarium wilt in pot experiments ranged form 33.33% to 71.67%. The ranking of disease resistance and growth promotion, based on membership function analysis, was as follows: XHMG-3, HXQ-13, LC-8, BYNK-12, CM2-1, LPS-12, AWH-36, QFS-3, HYM-9, and XQ-1. In conclusion, the ten Trichoderma strains identified in this study hold significant potential for further research and development.
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