椰糠复合基质对番茄生长发育及产量的影响
张宝娣 , 朱红艳 , 焦田甜 , 黄安平 , 安明远 , 尹翠 , 曹云娥
农业科学研究(中英文) ›› 2025, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (03) : 57 -62.
椰糠复合基质对番茄生长发育及产量的影响
Effects of Coir-Based Composite Substrates on Tomato Growth, Development, and Yield
为筛选一种价格低廉、环保的设施番茄无土栽培椰糠基质配方,以粉得利品种番茄为材料,设置5种不同的椰糠、蚯蚓粪、活性炭、生物炭、纳米碳组合处理,以常规基质泥炭+蛭石(V泥炭∶V蛭石=2∶1)处理为对照,研究不同组分配比基质的速效养分含量及其对设施番茄产量和果实品质的影响。结果表明:椰糠+15%蚯蚓粪+15%纳米碳处理的番茄产量最高,为148.62 t/hm2,泥炭+蛭石处理的产量次之,为134.69 t/hm2,椰糠基质的产量最低,为103.81 t/hm2;椰糠+15%蚯蚓粪+15%纳米碳处理的番茄果实中可溶性固形物、可溶性糖质量分数分别为9.77%、9.76%,仅次于泥炭+蛭石处理。因此,在设施番茄无土栽培生产中,推荐采用椰糠+15%蚯蚓粪+15%纳米碳的复合基质配方作为泥炭+蛭石基质的环保替代方案。
This study aims to identify a cost-effective and environmentally friendly substrate formula for soilless cultivation of tomatoes, utilizing coir as the primary ingredient. The experiment employed the Fendeli tomato variety and established five treatments combining coir, vermicompost, activated carbon, biochar, and nano-carbon. The conventional substrate of peat and vermiculite (2∶1) served as a control. The study assessed the effects of different compositions on the available nutrient, yield, and quality of tomatoes grown in protected cultivation. The results showed that the treatment comprising coir, 15% vermicompost, and 15% nano-carbon yielded the highest production at 148.62 t/hm2, followed by the peat and vermiculite treatment at 134.69 t/hm2. The yield from the pure coir substrate was the lowest at 103.81 t/hm2. Additionally, the soluble solids and soluble sugars in the tomatoes from the coir, vermicompost, and nano-carbon treatment were 9.77% and 9.76%, respectively, ranking second only to the peat and vermiculite mixture. Therefore, for soilless tomato production in controlled environments, the composite substrate of coir, 15% vermicompost, and 15% nano-carbon is recommended as an environmentally friendly alternative to traditional peat-based substrates.
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