不同配方肥配施蚯蚓发酵液体肥对设施连作土壤及番茄风味物质的效应
兰正芳 , 王继涛 , 冯云星 , 虎志瑞 , 马兰 , 石磊 , 李增 , 曹云娥
农业科学研究(中英文) ›› 2025, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (03) : 48 -56.
不同配方肥配施蚯蚓发酵液体肥对设施连作土壤及番茄风味物质的效应
Effects of Different Fertilizer Formulations Combined with Earthworm Fermentation Liquid Fertilizer on Soil and Flavor Compounds in Tomato Cultivation under Continuous Cropping Conditions
为探究不同配方肥配施蚯蚓发酵液体肥对连作土壤养分、番茄品质的影响,以粉宴1号番茄为试验材料,将农户常规施肥模式(CK)、园试1/2配方(T1)、目标产量配方(T2)3 种不同营养液配方分别与蚯蚓发酵液体肥(E)配施,在番茄盛果期采集土壤样品、植株样品及果实样品,测定土壤化学性质、植株养分、果实品质及其风味物质。结果表明:园试1/2配方(T1)、目标产量配方(T2)、园试1/2配方+蚯蚓发酵液体肥(T1+E)、目标产量配方+蚯蚓发酵液体肥(T2+E)均显著增加了土壤养分、番茄果实品质,同时改善了番茄风味物质。其中,相较于农户常规施肥模式(CK),园试1/2配方+蚯蚓发酵液体肥(T1+E)的土壤有机质、全磷、速效磷、全氮、速效氮、铵态氮、硝态氮的质量比,磷酸酶、脲酶的活性,维生素C质量比,葡萄糖、蔗糖质量浓度分别提升了17.52%、77.40%、11.76%、100%、85.3%、30.04%、63.06%、180.82%、46.42%、37.13%、47.03%、34.91%。通过对不同处理的番茄品质指标进行熵权Topsis评价法分析,得出壬醛、正戊醇可以作为品质的评价因子,T1+E、T2+E的品质指标相对最佳。通过隶属函数分析,T1+E处理对于土壤养分与番茄品质的提升效果最好,对于番茄风味物质的影响最显著。
This study investigates the effects of various fertilizer formulations combined with earthworm fermentation liquid fertilizer on soil nutrients and tomato quality in continuous cropping systems. Using Fianyan No.1 tomato as the experimental material, three different nutrient solution formulations were evaluated: the farmer’s conventional fertilization mode (CK), the garden 1/2 formula (T1) and the target yield formula (T2), all in combination with earthworm fermentation liquid fertilizer (E). Soil samples, tomato plant samples, and fruit samples were collected during the fruiting period of the tomatoes. The soil chemical properties, plant nutrients, fruit quality and flavor compounds were analyzed. The results indicated that T1, T2, T1+E, and T2+E significantly enhanced soil nutrient levels, improved tomato fruit quality, and enriched flavor compounds in the tomatoes. Specially, compared to the conventional fertilization mode (CK), the mass ratios of organic matter, total phosphorus, available phosphorus, total nitrogen, available nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, phosphatase, urease, vitamin C, glucose and sucrose in the T1+E treatment increased by 17.52%, 77.40%, 11.76%, 100%, 85.3%, 30.04%, 63.06%, 180.82%, 46.42%, 37.13%, 47.03%, and 34.91%, respectively. The entropy-weight Topsis evaluation method revealed that nonanal and n-amyl alcohol could serve as quality indicators, with T1+E and T2+E showing the best quality parameters. Membership function analysis indicated that the T1+E treatment was most effective in enhancing soil nutrients and tomato quality, as well as significantly impacting the flavor compounds of the tomatoes. These findings provide theoretical support for the practical production of tomatoes.
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